Organic electrode materials have become a vibrant area of research. Lithium benzenedithiolate (LBDT) consists of two -SLi groups that could donate 2Li + and 2e − in oxidation reactions, thus being a potential high-capacity organic cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Herein, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-LBDTs are investigated to elucidate the relationship of their redox chemistry and effect of lithium thiolate position on their electrochemical behavior experimentally and theoretically. High-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used, for the first time, to separate and identify the charge and discharge products of these compounds in lithium batteries. During the charging process, 1,2-, 1,3-and 1,4-LBDTs are mainly converted to the cyclic dimer, trimer, and tetramer respectively. While in the discharge process, the initial lithiated materials are recovered. The cyclic dimer of 1,2-LBDT shows the lowest discharge overpotential and fast kinetics, which are related to the easiness of the 2nd lithiation process. It delivers an initial specific capacity of 340 mAh g −1 and retains 84.1% of the initial capacity over 100 cycles at C/2 rate. In addition, it shows much better rate capability than the other two LBDTs. The structure-performance relationship of LBDT in lithium batteries is correlated.