Phenotypical Temperature Adaptation of Protein Turnover in Desert Annuals

Smrcka, Alan V.; Szarek, Stan R.

doi:10.1104/pp.80.1.206

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…High temperature stress usually results in increased degradation and concomitant reduced synthesis, thereby bringing a shift in the protein turnover (Smrcka and Szarek, 1986). In heat-stressed rice plants, the rate of degradation of SSUs exceeds the rate of their synthesis (Bose et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Temperature Stress on Chloroplast Biogenesis and Protein Import in Pea

2009

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Modulation of photosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis, by low and high temperatures, was studied in 12-d-old pea (Pisum sativum) plants grown at 25°C and subsequently exposed to 7°C or 40°C up to 48 h. The decline in variable chlorophyll a fluorescence/maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence and estimated electron transport rate in temperature-stressed plants was substantially restored when they were transferred to room temperature. The ATP-driven import of precursor of small subunit of Rubisco (pRSS) into plastids was down-regulated by 67% and 49% in heat-stressed and chill-stressed plants, respectively. Reduction in binding of the pRSS to the chloroplast envelope membranes in heat-stressed plants could be due to the downregulation of Toc159 gene/protein expression. In addition to impaired binding, reduced protein import into chloroplast in heat-stressed plants was likely due to decreased gene/protein expression of certain components of the TOC complex (Toc75), the TIC complex (Tic20, Tic32, Tic55, and Tic62), stromal Hsp93, and stromal processing peptidase. In chill-stressed plants, the gene/protein expression of most of the components of protein import apparatus other than Tic110 and Tic40 were not affected, suggesting the central role of Tic110 and Tic40 in inhibition of protein import at low temperature. Heating of intact chloroplasts at 35°C for 10 min inhibited protein import, implying a low thermal stability of the protein import apparatus. Results demonstrate that in addition to decreased gene and protein expression, down-regulation of photosynthesis in temperaturestressed plants is caused by reduced posttranslational import of plastidic proteins required for the replacement of impaired proteins coded by nuclear genome.Temperature has a profound effect on plant development (Xin and Browse, 1998;Guy, 1999; Allen and Ort, 2001;Browse and Xin, 2001). Plants exposed to chill stress, or heat stress, have impaired chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis due to down-regulation of gene expression and protein abundance of several enzymes involved in tetrapyrrole metabolism Tripathy, 1998, 1999;Mohanty et al., 2006). Impaired Chl biosynthesis and chloroplast development leads to reduced photosynthesis beyond the optimum temperature, resulting in substantial loss of plant productivity. The reduced photosynthesis affected by temperature stress is attributed to decline in PSII, F v /F m (variable Chl fluorescence/maximal Chl fluorescence), inhibition of electron transport, perturbation of thylakoid membrane fluidity, and consequent decline in photophosphorylation and CO 2 assimilation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Temperature Stress on Chloroplast Biogenesis and Protein Import in Pea

2009

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“…Under external stress conditions, chloroplast proteins are severely damaged by photooxidation, and the protein import apparatus on the membrane is also disrupted. External stress usually leads to increased degradation of chloroplast proteins and decreased synthesis of chloroplast proteins, resulting in changes in the protein turnover rate [23] . Therefore, plants maintain normal chloroplast protein transport by adjusting the level of protein import machinery, which is an important means to cope with oxidative damage under stress [ 24 , 25 ] .…”

Section: The Toc Apparatus Regulates Chloroplast Protein Import Under...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on maintaining chloroplast homeostasis under stress conditions: a review

Wang¹,

Yue²,

Jin³

2023

ABBS

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On a global scale, drought, salinity, extreme temperature, and other abiotic stressors severely limit the quality and yield of crops. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the adaptation strategies of plants to harsh environments. Chloroplasts are important environmental sensors in plant cells. For plants to thrive in different habitats, chloroplast homeostasis must be strictly regulated, which is necessary to maintain efficient plant photosynthesis and other metabolic reactions under stressful environments. To maintain normal chloroplast physiology, two important biological processes are needed: the import and degradation of chloroplast proteins. The orderly import of chloroplast proteins and the timely degradation of damaged chloroplast components play a key role in adapting plants to their environment. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanism of chloroplast TOC-TIC protein transport. The importance and recent progress of chloroplast protein turnover, retrograde signaling, and chloroplast protein degradation under stress are summarized. Furthermore, the potential of targeted regulation of chloroplast homeostasis is emphasized to improve plant adaptation to environmental stresses.

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