Phenotypical characterization of regulatory T cells in humans and rodents

Abstract

SummaryRegulatory T cells (T regs ) constitute a fascinating subpopulation of CD4 1 T cells due to their ability to limit the immune response against self and non-self antigens. Murine models and antibodies directed against surface and intracellular molecules have allowed elucidation of the mechanisms that govern their development and function. However, these markers used to their classification lack of specificity, as they can be expressed by activated T cells. Similarly, there are slight differences between animal models, in steady state and pathological conditions, anatomical localization and strategy of analysis by flow cytometry. Here, we revised the most common markers utilized for T reg typification by flow cytometry such as CD25, forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and CD127, along with our data obtained in different body compartments of humans, mice and rats. Furthermore, we revised and determined the expression of other molecules important for the phenotypical characterization of T reg cells. We draw attention to the drawbacks of those markers used in chronic states of inflammation. However, until a specific marker for the identification of T regs is discovered, the best combination of markers will depend upon the tissue or the degree of inflammation from which T regs derive.

High proportions of PD-1+ and PD-L1+ leukocytes in classical Hodgkin lymphoma microenvironment are associated with inferior outcome

“…Tregs are able to downregulate the actions of different leukocytes (including cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cells, and B lymphocytes) that may aid in tumor cell eradication. 30 In line with this, blockade of Tregs might contribute to some extent to the success of treatment with PD-1-inhibiting drugs in various Overall survival probability Overall survival probability …”

“…A close correlation has been found comparing the distribution of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in TMA cores and whole tissue sections. 110 (33) 102 (36) 31 (30) ,45…”

“…Yes 126 (33) 17 (30) 109 (33) 101 (36) 23 (23) No 215 (56) 33 (58) 182 (55) 150 (54) 63 (61) Missing 46 (12) 7 (12) 39 (12) 29 (10) 16 (16) Boldface font indicates statistical significance (P , .05).…”

“…PD-1 is expressed by regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and induces signals for proliferation rather than apoptosis 30 in these cells. Tregs are able to downregulate the actions of different leukocytes (including cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cells, and B lymphocytes) that may aid in tumor cell eradication.…”

Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of lamotrigine in BALB/c mice

“…ConA has been long used to activate and induce the proliferation of T-lymphocyte population within murine splenocytes (28). T-lymphocyte population accounts for about 40-50 % of immune cells within the murine spleen (29). Once activated, T-lymphocytes secrete IL-2, which is considered to be the main growth factor that stimulates T-lymphocyte proliferation (30).…”