Phenotypic variations in ocular features among siblings with oculocutaneous albinism

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the clinical profiles, presenting ocular features, and variations in the phenotypic features in siblings with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). Methods: Electronic medical records of consecutive siblings diagnosed with albinism from January 2016 to December 2020 were reviewed to identify the affected siblings. The variations in their phenotypic characteristics were studied. Results: Significant variations were observed in the clinical features between the siblings ( n = 42). A difference of >2 lines in visual acuity was observed in 50% ( n = 21) of the sibling pairs. Compound hyperopic astigmatism was the commonest refractive error. The refractive status was different in 80.95% ( n = 34) pairs. Although individually strabismus and abnormal head posture were observed in one-third and one-fourth of individual children, respectively, both siblings with similar strabismus were seen in only 16.67% ( n = 7) and with a similar abnormal head posture in 13.33% ( n = 5). Nystagmus was the most consistent finding across these siblings with a similar nature of horizontal jerk or pendular in 65% of sibling pairs. Conclusion: This study observed significant variations in phenotypic presentations among siblings with OCA. Such differences in clinical manifestations and severity would be helpful in appropriate counseling of these families as the need for rehabilitation services is likely to vary across siblings.