Phenotypic variation of seed traits of Haloxylon ammodendron and its affecting factors

Zhu

et al. 2023

Forests

As a highly resistant urban ornamental plant, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is often used in dry land, saline-alkali land shelter forest, and landscape horticulture. It is the main windbreak and sand-fixing tree species in Gansu Province, China. The special geographical and climatic environment makes the distribution and growth of E. angustifolia in Gansu Province show different degrees of difference. In order to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of E. angustifolia in different populations and its variation patterns under different geographical and climatic conditions, 35 phenotypic traits (trunk, branch, leaf, and flower related traits) of 90 plants from 10 populations in Gansu Province were measured and analyzed. The results showed the following: (1) E. angustifolia has rich phenotypic variation. The variation is greater among populations. The traits with the largest and smallest coefficients of variation were “under-branch height” and “flower diameter”, respectively. The variation in the Qilihe population was the largest, and the variation in the Ganzhou population was the smallest. The diversity of flowers and leaves is relatively higher. (2) Correlation analysis showed that most of traits were closely related. Leaf traits showed a gradient variation law dominated by altitude and precipitation. Flower traits were affected by the synergistic effects of various geographical and climatic factors. (3) The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the primary traits affecting the phenotypic diversity of E. angustifolia were leaf size and branch length among the related traits of trunk, branch, leaf, and flower. (4) Cluster analysis showed that 90 E. angustifolia plants were clustered into four clusters that were not completely clustered according to geographical distance and may be randomly affected by genotypic or environmental factors. These results will lay a foundation for further analysis of the genetic mechanism of phenotypic traits of E. angustifolia and also provide a reference for the collection, preservation, and variety improvement of E. angustifolia germplasm resources.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis in Elaeagnus angustifolia Populations in Gansu Province, China

Zhu

et al. 2023

Forests

“…Using variation traits to study phenotypic diversity, revealing the genetic structure and variation size of the population form the basis of genetic breeding. Phenotypic variance is thought to be the result of natural selection, reflecting both adaption to local environmental characteristics and genetic diversity [7–9], such as meteorological change, trait mutation, and genetic drift [10]. Related studies have confirmed that phenotypic plasticity is a major means by which plants’ cope with environmental factor variability [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate analysis reveals phenotypic diversity of Euscaphis japonica population

et al. 2019

Fruit traits affect population genetic diversity by affecting seed protection and dispersal strategies, thereby comprising important components of phenotypic variation. Understanding of the phenotypic variation is an indispensable first step for developing breeding strategies. However, little information is known about the genetic variation in E . japonica —a monotypic species with abundant phenotypes that is mainly distributed in southern China. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic diversity of 67 E . japonica using 23 phenotypic traits. Our results showed that the Shannon–Wiener ( I ) index of qualitative traits ranged from 0.55 to 1.26, and the color traits had a relatively high I . The average coefficient of variation of compound leaf traits (14.74%) was higher than that of fruit and seed traits (12.77% and 11.47%, respectively). Principal component analysis also showed that compound leaf and fruit traits were important components of total variation. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a significant difference in elevation and fruit color, irregular ribs, leaf margin and texture. The F value within populations was smaller than among populations, indicating the variation in phenotypic traits among populations was much greater than within populations. Dehua and Zunyi populations had the highest coefficients of variation, whereas Wenzhou population had the smallest—which may be attributed to habitat destruction. According to Q-type clustering, 67 samples clustered into four groups, with those having similar phenotypes clustering into the same group. In general, leaf and fruit traits had abundant phenotypic diversity, representing the main sources of phenotypic variation. Combined with clustering results and field surveys, this study suggests that the phenotypes of E . japonica are classified into two main categories: The deciduous E . japonica present at high altitudes; and the evergreen E . japonica present at low altitudes. Excavating E . japonica variations provides a theoretical reference for its classification and diversity, and is of great significance for planning genetic resources and establishing conservation strategies.

“…Genetic breeding is based on the use of various traits to investigate phenotypic diversity, exposing the genetic structure and population variance. Natural selection is assumed to have led to phenotypic variation, which reflects both genetic diversity and adaptation to local environmental traits [34][35][36] Plant phenotypes thus reflect genetic adaptation to environmental changes and are a product of interactions between genotype and environment. Long-term stress selection produces phenotypes, which are irreversible processes that can be passably inherited by generations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining and Improving Peas (Pisum sativum L.) CV. Master Pea (Local Cultivar) Using UPOV Descriptor and Multivariate Analysis in the Vegetable Seed Production Field

Hamed

Amal

Tarek

2023

JEAI

Although peas cv. master pea was registered more than 25 years ago in Egypt, this variety showed a remarkable superiority over the varieties grown in all governorates of Egypt in terms of production, quality, and environmental adaptation to climate changes. This study intends to assess this cultivar's genetic and environmental traits, and to determine the degree of its deterioration over time to develop an appropriate plan for the maintenance, improvement, and conservation of this strategic variety to withstand changes in climatic conditions in Egypt. Many types of research have been conducted on the study and production of new varieties and lines of peas in Egypt; yet there is a dearth of multivariate analysis as a technique that can combine all variances for all examined qualities using statistics that rely on the algebra of matrices and extract statistical markers from which the researcher can make an appropriate selection program within cultivars without causing genetic erosion. The present experiment was conducted to achieve the following objectives: to monitor the performance of growth traits in the Master pea cultivar using multivariate analysis and UPOV descriptor; evaluation of yield characteristics, seed yield, and quality of Master pea cultivar using multivariate analysis and UPOV descriptor. In this study, one of the most important results obtained was that the phenotypic diversity within the population (measured using the UPOV descriptor) is an important aspect that reflects genetic diversity and the ability of this genetic diversity to withstand changes in the environment. Natural selection - over the many years of the inherited varieties of countries and societies - affects the diversity of phenotypic traits among the individuals of the population. It can be concluded from this study that the phenotypic traits identified in the UPOV descriptor and data analysis using multivariate analysis can show differences between lines within cultivars. Therefore, we recommend taking advantage of the UPOV descriptor and multivariate analysis as a successful way to obtain differences and relationships between lines in conservation, maintenance, and improvement programs for ancient and promising cultivars in the Arab Republic of Egypt.