Phenotypic variation in Fucus spiralis (Phaeophyceae): morphology, chemical phenotype and their relationship to the environment

Scott, Graham; Hull, Sue; Hornby, Sarah; Hardy, F. G.; Owens, Nick

doi:10.1017/s0967026201003055

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…platycarpus (Thuret), first described over a century ago [41], and cited in more recent studies [42], [43]. Recently, genetic studies using microsatellite markers confirmed the existence of cryptic genetic divergence within F. spiralis [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Traits Are Maintained on Steep Selective Gradients despite Gene Flow and Hybridization in the Intertidal Zone

et al. 2011

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Gene flow among hybridizing species with incomplete reproductive barriers blurs species boundaries, while selection under heterogeneous local ecological conditions or along strong gradients may counteract this tendency. Congeneric, externally-fertilizing fucoid brown algae occur as distinct morphotypes along intertidal exposure gradients despite gene flow. Combining analyses of genetic and phenotypic traits, we investigate the potential for physiological resilience to emersion stressors to act as an isolating mechanism in the face of gene flow. Along vertical exposure gradients in the intertidal zone of Northern Portugal and Northwest France, the mid-low shore species Fucus vesiculosus, the upper shore species Fucus spiralis, and an intermediate distinctive morphotype of F. spiralis var. platycarpus were morphologically characterized. Two diagnostic microsatellite loci recovered 3 genetic clusters consistent with prior morphological assignment. Phylogenetic analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms in 14 protein coding regions unambiguously resolved 3 clades; sympatric F. vesiculosus, F. spiralis, and the allopatric (in southern Iberia) population of F. spiralis var. platycarpus. In contrast, the sympatric F. spiralis var. platycarpus (from Northern Portugal) was distributed across the 3 clades, strongly suggesting hybridization/introgression with both other entities. Common garden experiments showed that physiological resilience following exposure to desiccation/heat stress differed significantly between the 3 sympatric genetic taxa; consistent with their respective vertical distribution on steep environmental clines in exposure time. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that F. spiralis var. platycarpus is a distinct entity in allopatry, but that extensive gene flow occurs with both higher and lower shore species in sympatry. Experimental results suggest that strong selection on physiological traits across steep intertidal exposure gradients acts to maintain the 3 distinct genetic and morphological taxa within their preferred vertical distribution ranges. On the strength of distributional, genetic, physiological and morphological differences, we propose elevation of F. spiralis var. platycarpus from variety to species level, as F. guiryi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Traits Are Maintained on Steep Selective Gradients despite Gene Flow and Hybridization in the Intertidal Zone

et al. 2011

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“…Considering the utility of COI-5P for species discrimination in the Phaeophyceae, and the rather significant levels of phenotypic plasticity attributed to many of its members (e.g. Scott et al 2001;Roberson & Coyer 2004;Harvey & Goff 2006), we have initiated a similar COI-5P-assisted survey of the Canadian brown macroalgae. Here we present data for the brown algal family Laminariaceae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A DNA barcode examination of the Laminariaceae (Phaeophyceae) in Canada reveals novel biogeographical and evolutionary insights

McDevit

Saunders

2010

Phycologia

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DNA barcoding is becoming a widely applied tool for the rapid and accurate identification of eukaryotic species. In this study we used the DNA barcode for large-scale screening of the brown algal family Laminariaceae in Canada. With the examination of 194 COI-5P (59 end of cytochrome c oxidase 1) sequences (150 newly determined) from representatives of this family, we confirmed the presence of 12 species in Canadian waters (Cymathaere triplicata, Laminaria digitata, L. ephemera, L. setchellii, L. solidungula, L. yezoensis, Macrocystis integrifolia, Nereocystis leutkeana, Postelsia palmaeformis, Saccharina groenlandica, S. latissima and S. sessilis). Saccharina groenlandica, a species with a history of taxonomic confusion, was found in the Pacific, Hudson Bay (subarctic) and Atlantic Canada extending greatly our comprehension of the biogeography of this species. Additionally, COI-5P data from S. latissima, combined with ITS results, provided insights into historical distributional patterns and uncovered a hybridization zone between incipient species in this complex. These discoveries highlight how the growth of a worldwide barcode database for the assignment of individuals to genetic species will uncover new perspectives on biogeography and species diversity on a global scale.

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“…For example, Munda and Kremer (1997) found that vesiculated and evesiculated forms of F. vesiculosus L. can grow together in a patchwork of morphologies on Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea), and concluded that ecological factors alone were not sufficient to explain the observed morphological differences. Anderson and Scott (1998) and Scott et al (2000Scott et al ( , 2001 examined the presence of two distinct morphologies of F. spiralis L. that occurred as mixed stands wi.e. F. spiralis and F. s. f. nanus (Stackhouse) Børgesenx, using both morphological characters and pyrolysis mass spectrometry, and concluded that the two morphologies should be formae (implying genetic differences) rather than environmentally induced morphotypes (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, morphology, and genetic affinities of dwarf embedded Fucus populations from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2006

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Dwarf embedded Fucus populations in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean are restricted to the upper intertidal zone in sandy salt marsh environments; they lack holdfasts and are from attached parental populations of F. spiralis or F. spiralis = F. vesiculosus hybrids after breakage and entanglement with halophytic marsh grasses. Dwarf forms are dichotomously branched, flat, and have a mean overall length and width of 20.3 and 1.3 mm, respectively. Thus, they are longer than Irish (mean 9.3 mm) and Alaskan (mean 15.0 mm) populations identified as F. cottonii. Reciprocal transplants of different Fucus taxa in a Maine salt marsh confirm that F. spiralis can become transformed into dwarf embedded thalli within the high intertidal zone, while the latter can grow into F. s. ecad lutarius within the mid intertidal zone. Thus, vertical transplantation can modify fucoid morphology and result in varying ecads. Microsatellite markers indicate that attached F. spiralis and F. vesiculosus are genetically distinct, while dwarf forms may arise via hybridization between the two taxa. The ratio of intermediate to species-specific-genotypes decreased with larger thalli. Also, F. s. ecad lutarius consists of a mixture of intermediate and ''pure'' genotypes, while dwarf thalli show a greater frequency of hybrids.

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Phenotypic variation in Fucus spiralis (Phaeophyceae): morphology, chemical phenotype and their relationship to the environment

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Adaptive Traits Are Maintained on Steep Selective Gradients despite Gene Flow and Hybridization in the Intertidal Zone

Adaptive Traits Are Maintained on Steep Selective Gradients despite Gene Flow and Hybridization in the Intertidal Zone

A DNA barcode examination of the Laminariaceae (Phaeophyceae) in Canada reveals novel biogeographical and evolutionary insights

Distribution, morphology, and genetic affinities of dwarf embedded Fucus populations from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

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