Phenotypic selection varies with pollination intensity across populations of<i>Sabatia angularis</i>

Emel, Sarah L.; Franks, Steven J.; Spigler, Rachel B.

doi:10.1111/nph.14608

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…By contrast, because S. angularis is monocarpic and flowering is indeterminate, fitness gains should rise sharply with continued allocation to the construction of new flowers provided resources are available, even if each flower is slightly shorter lived. Importantly, S. angularis plants under high resource levels produced nearly the five times as many flowers more rapidly compared to low resources, which could be key given selection on flowering duration in wild populations (Emel et al ., ) against a backdrop of continuous resource depletion across the reproductive season (Spigler, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate flower size, we measured the length and width (mm) of one random petal for each of three flowers in female phase. The product of petal length and width (petal area) is highly correlated with total flower area (r 24 = 0.90, P < 0.0001; Emel et al, 2017). For all flower-level measurements, we controlled for flower position.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Context‐dependency of resource allocation trade‐offs highlights constraints to the evolution of floral longevity in a monocarpic herb

Spigler

Woodard

2018

New Phytologist

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Summary Floral longevity is a critical component of floral display, yet there is a conspicuous paucity of empirical research on its evolution within species. Evolutionary models of floral longevity are grounded in resource allocation theory and propose that selection acts on heritable variation to optimize longevity in light of competing floral construction and maintenance costs. Key assumptions remain untested within wild species. We measured maximum floral longevity alongside protandry, flower size, flower number and flowering rate across families of the monocarpic herb Sabatia angularis grown under high and low resources. We evaluated genetic variation, plasticity and correlations between display traits, including fundamental resource–allocation trade‐offs and their interactions with resource availability. All display traits showed significant genetic variation. Resource availability influenced mean floral longevity and flower number, with genetic variation in these responses. Importantly, both floral longevity–flower number and flower number–size trade‐offs were significant and stronger under low resources. This study reinforces the application of resource allocation theory to floral display trait evolution. Our work highlights the context‐dependency of trade‐offs and the potential importance of plasticity in resource allocation, with plants investing in the construction of new flowers at faster rates when resources are high rather than in the maintenance of longer‐lived flowers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context‐dependency of resource allocation trade‐offs highlights constraints to the evolution of floral longevity in a monocarpic herb

Spigler

Woodard

2018

New Phytologist

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“…2016; Emel et al. 2017). Despite their complexity, plant‐animal interactions often provide tractable study systems in which both the agents of selection and the traits important for pollination success or other fitness components can be identified.…”

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confidence: 99%

Using ecological context to interpret spatiotemporal variation in natural selection

et al. 2020

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Spatiotemporal variation in natural selection is expected, but difficult to estimate. Pollinator‐mediated selection on floral traits provides a good system for understanding and linking variation in selection to differences in ecological context. We studied pollinator‐mediated selection in five populations of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae) in Costa Rica and Mexico. Using a nonlinear path‐analytical approach, we assessed several functional components of selection, and linked variation in pollinator‐mediated selection across time and space to variation in pollinator assemblages. After correcting for estimation error, we detected moderate variation in net selection on two out of four blossom traits. Both the opportunity for selection and the mean strength of selection decreased with increasing reliability of cross‐pollination. Selection for pollinator attraction was consistently positive and stronger on advertisement than reward traits. Selection on traits affecting pollen transfer from the pollinator to the stigmas was strong only when cross‐pollination was unreliable and there was a mismatch between pollinator and blossom size. These results illustrate how consideration of trait function and ecological context can facilitate both the detection and the causal understanding of spatiotemporal variation in natural selection.

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“…For plant species that rely on pollinators for successful reproduction, flower–visitor interactions are considered to be important drivers of plant trait diversification (Crepet and Niklas, and references therein; Emel et al., ; but see Souto‐Vilarós et al., ). Such diversification can be expected when a functional group of pollinators shows preferences for a particular floral syndrome, i.e., suites of floral morphology and reward traits related to the attraction of a specific pollinator group.…”

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confidence: 99%

Divergence in floral trait preferences between nonflower‐specialized birds and insects on the Galápagos

Hervías‐Parejo¹,

Heleno

Nogales

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The characteristic scarcity of insects on remote oceanic islands has driven nonflower-specialized vertebrates to broaden their trophic niches and explore floral resources. From our previous studies in the Galápagos, we know that native insectivorous and frugivorous birds visit a wide range of entomophilous flowers and can also act as effective pollinators. Here, we tested whether opportunistic Galápagos birds show any preference for specific floral traits, and if so, this preference differs from that of insects. METHODS:Sixteen floral morphology and nectar traits of 26 native species were studied, as well as the frequency with which they are visited by birds and insects. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to evaluate the distribution of flower traits values along two main dimensions and measure the similarity between the plants visited mostly by birds versus those by insects.KEY RESULTS: NMDS of floral traits resulted in two species groups: (1) bell-shaped, white flowers with wider corollas at nectary level and higher nectar volume, associated with high bird visitation rates; and (2) bowl and tubular-shaped flowers with narrower corollas at nectary level and lower nectar volume, associated with high insect visitation rates. CONCLUSIONS:Despite the divergence in floral trait preferences between opportunistic Galápagos birds and insects, bird-visited flowers display mixed traits not fitting the classical ornithophilous syndrome. This finding is compatible with the existence of a transitional or bet-hedging phenotype between insect and bird visitors and underscores the importance of coevolution and floral diversification in nonspecialized plant-visitor interactions.

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Phenotypic selection varies with pollination intensity across populations ofSabatia angularis

Cited by 21 publications

References 70 publications

Context‐dependency of resource allocation trade‐offs highlights constraints to the evolution of floral longevity in a monocarpic herb

Context‐dependency of resource allocation trade‐offs highlights constraints to the evolution of floral longevity in a monocarpic herb

Using ecological context to interpret spatiotemporal variation in natural selection

Divergence in floral trait preferences between nonflower‐specialized birds and insects on the Galápagos

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