PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN<i>POLYGONUM PERSICARIA.</i>II. NORMS OF REACTION TO SOIL MOISTURE AND THE MAINTENANCE OF GENETIC DIVERSITY

Sultan, Sonia E.; Bazzaz, F. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb02133.x

Cited by 106 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…The direction of these significant responses was generally consistent with previous studies of plasticity in response to moisture availability (Sultan and Bazzaz 1993b;Sultan et al 1998;Heschel et al 2004;Heschel and Riginos 2005). However, our results do not support the hypothesis that plasticity occurring through developmental and regulatory responses is likely to be adaptive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…et al 1998; but see Dorn et al 2000). However, the importance of costs as a constraint on the evolution of plasticity in plants remains unclear. Physiological traits that control the uptake of carbon dioxide and loss of water are highly plastic (e.g., Sultan and Bazzaz 1993a;Sultan et al 1998;Heschel et al 2004) and key determinants of plant growth and reproduction (Ackerly et al 2000). Plasticity in physiology may be the result of reduced function and growth in response to resource limitation or developmental and regulatory responses to specific environmental cues (Pigliucci 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

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PLASTICITY OF PHYSIOOLGY INLOBELIA: TESTING FOR ADAPTATION AND CONSTRAINT

2006

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Abstract. Phenotypic plasticity is thought to be a major mechanism allowing sessile organisms such as plants to adapt to environmental heterogeneity. However, the adaptive value of many common plastic responses has not been tested by linking these responses to fitness. Even when plasticity is adaptive, costs of plasticity, such as the energy necessary to maintain regulatory pathways for plastic responses, may constrain its evolution. We used a greenhouse experiment to test whether plastic physiological responses to soil water availability (wet vs. dry conditions) were adaptive and/or costly in the congeneric wildflowers Lobelia cardinalis and L. siphilitica. Eight physiological traits related to carbon and water uptake were measured. Specific leaf area (SLA), photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (g s ), and photosynthetic capacity (A max ) responded plastically to soil water availability in L. cardinalis. Plasticity in A max was maladaptive, plasticity in A and g s was adaptive, and plasticity in SLA was adaptively neutral. The nature of adaptive plasticity in L. cardinalis, however, differed from previous studies. Lobelia cardinalis plants with more conservative water use, characterized by lower g s , did not have higher fitness under drought conditions. Instead, well-watered L. cardinalis that had higher g s had higher fitness. Only A max responded plastically to drought in L. siphilitica, and this response was adaptively neutral. We detected no costs of plasticity for any physiological trait in either L. cardinalis or L. siphilitica, suggesting that the evolution of plasticity in these traits would not be constrained by costs. Physiological responses to drought in plants are presumed to be adaptive, but our data suggest that much of this plasticity can be adaptively neutral or maladaptive.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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confidence: 99%

PLASTICITY OF PHYSIOOLGY INLOBELIA: TESTING FOR ADAPTATION AND CONSTRAINT

2006

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“…As an example, in one study Sultan and Bazzaz (1993a) found that Polygonum persicaria grown under flooding produced dense mats of finely branched superficial and adventitious roots at the soil surface, such that growth was maintained by avoiding the deleterious effects of oxygen deficits. In a second study (Sultan and Bazzaz 1993b), they found that at different nutrient levels, P. persicaria maintained the same photosynthetic surface area relative to total biomass and the same leaf nitrogen concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Plasticity of Native vs. Invasive Purple Loosestrife: A Two-State Multivariate Approach

Chun

Collyer

Moloney

et al. 2007

Ecology

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The differences in phenotypic plasticity between invasive (North American) and native (German) provenances of the invasive plant Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) were examined using a multivariate reaction norm approach testing two important attributes of reaction norms described by multivariate vectors of phenotypic change: the magnitude and direction of mean trait differences between environments. Data were collected for six life history traits from native and invasive plants using a split-plot design with experimentally manipulated water and nutrient levels. We found significant differences between native and invasive plants in multivariate phenotypic plasticity for comparisons between low and high water treatments within low nutrient levels, between low and high nutrient levels within high water treatments, and for comparisons that included both a water and nutrient level change. The significant genotype 3 environment (G 3 E) effects support the argument that invasiveness of purple loosestrife is closely associated with the interaction of high levels of soil nutrient and flooding water regime. Our results indicate that native and invasive plants take different strategies for growth and reproduction; native plants flowered earlier and allocated more to flower production, while invasive plants exhibited an extended period of vegetative growth before flowering to increase height and allocation to clonal reproduction, which may contribute to increased fitness and invasiveness in subsequent years. Abstract. The differences in phenotypic plasticity between invasive (North American) and native (German) provenances of the invasive plant Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) were examined using a multivariate reaction norm approach testing two important attributes of reaction norms described by multivariate vectors of phenotypic change: the magnitude and direction of mean trait differences between environments. Data were collected for six life history traits from native and invasive plants using a split-plot design with experimentally manipulated water and nutrient levels. We found significant differences between native and invasive plants in multivariate phenotypic plasticity for comparisons between low and high water treatments within low nutrient levels, between low and high nutrient levels within high water treatments, and for comparisons that included both a water and nutrient level change. The significant genotype 3 environment (G 3 E) effects support the argument that invasiveness of purple loosestrife is closely associated with the interaction of high levels of soil nutrient and flooding water regime. Our results indicate that native and invasive plants take different strategies for growth and reproduction; native plants flowered earlier and allocated more to flower production, while invasive plants exhibited an extended period of vegetative growth before flowering to increase height and allocation to clonal reproduction, which may contribute to increased fitness and invasiveness in subsequent ...

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“…Table 1 summarizes the responses of the most common plant species at SBL. persicaria, for instance, maintained growth and reproduction at close to maximum levels when flooded; by growing superficial and adventitious roots, this species was able to avoid any oxygen deficit resulting from being underwater (Sultan and Bazzaz 1993). Three varieties of P. amphibium had similar or higher mean leaf area in a submerged treatment, as compared to controls (Mitchell 1976).…”

Section: Response Of Other Taxa To Floodingmentioning

confidence: 89%

First season effects of managed flooding on the invasive species Phalaris arundinacea L. and shoreline vegetation communities in an urban wetland

Jenkins¹

2000

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PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY INPOLYGONUM PERSICARIA.II. NORMS OF REACTION TO SOIL MOISTURE AND THE MAINTENANCE OF GENETIC DIVERSITY

Cited by 106 publications

References 51 publications

PLASTICITY OF PHYSIOOLGY INLOBELIA: TESTING FOR ADAPTATION AND CONSTRAINT

PLASTICITY OF PHYSIOOLGY INLOBELIA: TESTING FOR ADAPTATION AND CONSTRAINT

Phenotypic Plasticity of Native vs. Invasive Purple Loosestrife: A Two-State Multivariate Approach

First season effects of managed flooding on the invasive species Phalaris arundinacea L. and shoreline vegetation communities in an urban wetland

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