Phenotypic plasticity in floral scent in response to nutrient, but not water, availability in the perennial plant <i>Arabis alpina</i>

Luizzi, Victoria J.; Friberg, Magne; Petrén, Hampus

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.13866

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…These effects are often seen as increases in display size (e.g., Friberg et al, 2017) directly related to an increase of overall biomass in high nutrient environments. Nutrients can also affect floral scent for some species (Majetic et al, 2017), but scent may be less affected than other floral traits (Friberg et al, 2017;Luizzi et al, 2021). Timing of nutrient deficits could be important, especially for physiologically plastic traits such as scent emission, and may explain the lack of differences with fertiliser seen here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Differences in Floral Scent and Petal Reflectance Between Diploid and Tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium

2021

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Genome duplication in plants is thought to be a route to speciation due to cytotype incompatibility. However, to reduce cross-pollination between cytotypes in animal-pollinated species, distinctive floral phenotypes, which would allow pollinator-mediated assortative mating between flowers, are also expected. Chamerion angustifolium is a Holarctic species that forms a hybrid zone between diploid and tetraploid populations in the North American Rocky Mountains. Extensive research has shown that these cytotypes differ in many ways, including some floral traits, and that pollinators can discriminate between cytotypes, leading to assortative mating. However, two signals commonly used by insect pollinators have not been measured for this species, namely petal colour and floral scent. Using greenhouse-grown diploids and tetraploids of C. angustifolium from the ploidy hybrid-zone in the North American Rocky Mountains, we show that both floral scent signals and petal reflectance differ between cytotypes. These differences, along with differences in flower size shown previously, could help explain pollinator-mediated assortative mating observed in previous studies. However, these differences in floral phenotypes may vary in importance to pollinators. While the differences in scent included common floral volatiles readily detected by bumblebees, the differences in petal reflectance may not be perceived by bees based on their visual sensitivity across the spectra. Thus, our results suggest that differences in floral volatile emissions are more likely to contribute to pollinator discrimination between cytotypes and highlight the importance of understanding the sensory systems of pollinators when examining floral signals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Differences in Floral Scent and Petal Reflectance Between Diploid and Tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium

2021

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“…In plants, plasticity is known to be induced by abiotic or biotic factors, to affect many different kinds of traits, and is commonly classified as being adaptive or nonadaptive (van Kleunen and Fischer 2005). Abiotic stress can induce changes in floral display (Phillips et al 2018;Powers et al 2022), flower reward (Campbell and Powers 2015;Descamps et al 2021), nectar and leaf chemistry (Mattson and Haack 1987;Hoover et al 2012), flower development (Hoover et al 2012), plant biomass as well as plant volatile emission (Luizzi et al 2021). For biotic factors, herbivory is one of the most commonly studied factors triggering phenotypic plasticity in plants, typically leading to increased direct defenses, such as toxicity or trichome density (Agrawal 1999b), or indirect defenses through attraction of the herbivores' enemies (Turlings et al 1990;Kessler and Baldwin 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2012), plant biomass as well as plant volatile emission (Luizzi et al. 2021). For biotic factors, herbivory is one of the most commonly studied factors triggering phenotypic plasticity in plants, typically leading to increased direct defenses, such as toxicity or trichome density (Agrawal 1999b), or indirect defenses through attraction of the herbivores’ enemies (Turlings et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plant phenotypic plasticity changes pollinator‐mediated selection

Dorey

Schiestl

2022

Evolution

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Many organisms change their phenotype in response to the environment, a phenomenon called phenotypic plasticity. Although plasticity can dramatically change the phenotype of an organism, we hardly understand how this can affect biotic interactions and the resulting phenotypic selection. Here, we use fast cycling Brassica rapa plants in an experiment in the greenhouse to study the link between plasticity and selection. We detected strong plasticity in morphology, nectar, and floral scent in response to different soil types and aphid herbivory. We found positive selection on nectar and morphological traits in hand‐ and bumblebee‐pollinated plants. Bumblebee‐mediated selection on a principal component representing plant height, flower number, and flowering time (mPC3) differed depending on soil type and herbivory. For plants growing in richer soil, selection was stronger in the absence of herbivores, whereas for plants growing in poorer soil selection was stronger with herbivory. We showed that bumblebees visited tall plants with many flowers overproportionally in plants in poor soil with herbivory (i.e., when tall plants were rare), thus causing stronger positive selection on this trait combination. We suggest that with strong plasticity under most stressful conditions, pollinator‐mediated selection may promote adaptation to local environmental factors given sufficient heritability of the traits under selection.

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“…In plants, plasticity is known to be induced by abiotic-or biotic factors, affects many different kinds of traits, and is commonly classified as being adaptive or non-adaptive (van Kleunen and Fischer 2005). Abiotic stress can induce changes in floral display (Phillips et al 2018), flower-reward (Descamps et al 2021), nectar- and leaf chemistry (Mattson and Haack 1987, Hoover et al 2012), flower development (Hoover et al 2012), plant biomass as well as plant volatile emission (Luizzi et al 2021). For biotic factors, herbivory is one of the most commonly studied factors triggering phenotypic plasticity in plants, typically leading to increased direct defense, such as toxicity or trichome density (Agrawal 1999b), or indirect defense through attraction of the herbivores’ enemies (Turlings et al 1990, Kessler and Baldwin 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant phenotypic plasticity changes pollinator-mediated selection

Dorey

Schiestl

2022

Preprint

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Many organisms change their phenotype in response to the environment, a phenomenon called phenotypic plasticity. Yet we hardly understand how such plasticity can affect biotic interactions and the resulting phenotypic selection. Here we use fast cycling Brassica rapa plants in a proof-of-concept experiment in the greenhouse to study the link between plasticity and selection. We detected strong plasticity in morphology, nectar, and floral scent in response to different soil types and aphid herbivory. We found positive selection on nectar and several morphological traits. Bumblebee-mediated selection on a principle component representing plant height, flower number, and flowering time (mPC3) differed depending on soil type and herbivory. For plants growing in richer soil, selection was stronger in the absence of herbivores, whereas for plants growing in poorer soil selection was stronger with herbivory. We showed that bumblebees visited tall plants with many flowers over-proportionally when they were rare (i.e. in plants in poor soil with herbivory), thus causing stronger positive selection on this trait-combination. We suggest that with strong plasticity under most stressful conditions, a shift in pollinator behavior may speed up adaptation to local environmental factors.

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Phenotypic plasticity in floral scent in response to nutrient, but not water, availability in the perennial plant Arabis alpina

Cited by 14 publications

References 85 publications

Differences in Floral Scent and Petal Reflectance Between Diploid and Tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium

Differences in Floral Scent and Petal Reflectance Between Diploid and Tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium

Plant phenotypic plasticity changes pollinator‐mediated selection

Plant phenotypic plasticity changes pollinator-mediated selection

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