Phenotypic Plasticity for Offspring Traits in Polygonum Persicaria

Sultan, Sonia E.

doi:10.2307/2265784

Cited by 159 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…For models that included the effects of imbibition pulses, reference levels were dark (dark vs. FR) or FR (R vs. FR). To aid in interpretation of significant effects, see Tables S5 and S6. (8 % of total light) had thinner seed coats and greater germination than those matured under full light (Sultan, 1996). In our study, canopy-matured seeds experienced 50 % less PAR, which may have reduced resources available during seed development and maturation.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Canopy Maturation Effects On Germinationmentioning

confidence: 53%

Contrasting germination responses to vegetative canopies experienced in pre- vs. post-dispersal environments

Leverett

Auge

Bali

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background Seeds adjust their germination based on conditions experienced before and after dispersal. Postdispersal cues are expected to be more accurate predictors of offspring environments, and thus offspring success, than pre-dispersal cues. Therefore, germination responses to conditions experienced during seed maturation may be expected to be superseded by responses to conditions experienced during seed imbibition. In taxa of disturbed habitats, neighbours frequently reduce the performance of germinants. This leads to the hypotheses that a vegetative canopy will reduce germination in such taxa, and that a vegetative canopy experienced during seed imbibition will over-ride germination responses to a canopy experienced during seed maturation, since it is a more proximal cue of immediate competition. These hypotheses were tested here in Arabidopsis thaliana.Methods Seeds were matured under a simulated canopy (green filter) or white light. Fresh (dormant) seeds were imbibed in the dark, white light or canopy at two temperatures (10 or 22 C), and germination proportions were recorded. Germination was also recorded in after-ripened (less dormant) seeds that were induced into secondary dormancy and imbibed in the dark at each temperature, either with or without brief exposure to red and far-red light.Key Results Unexpectedly, a maturation canopy expanded the conditions that elicited germination, even as seeds lost and regained dormancy. In contrast, an imbibition canopy impeded or had no effect on germination. Maturation under a canopy did not modify germination responses to red and far-red light. Seed maturation under a canopy masked genetic variation in germination.Conclusions The results challenge the hypothesis that offspring will respond more strongly to their own environment than to that of their parents. The observed relaxation of germination requirements caused by a maturation canopy could be maladaptive for offspring by disrupting germination responses to light cues after dispersal. Alternatively, reduced germination requirements could be adaptive by allowing seeds to germinate faster and reduce competition in later stages even though competition is not yet present in the seedling environment. The masking of genetic variation by maturation under a canopy, moreover, could impede evolutionary responses to selection on germination.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Canopy Maturation Effects On Germinationmentioning

confidence: 53%

Contrasting germination responses to vegetative canopies experienced in pre- vs. post-dispersal environments

Leverett

Auge

Bali

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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“…Consequently, it is important to understand the relative influence of the direct and indirect environmental effects on life-history traits, i.e., the respective influence of phenotypic plasticity and evolution. Short-term experiments have often been accomplished to assess the respective influence of phenotypic plasticity and genetic differences on the variability of some life-history traits (Sorci et al 1996, Sultan 1996 1997, Rohr 1997, Purchase andBrown 2001). However, few studies have analyzed a long-term trend in a lifehistory trait, and even fewer tried to infer the causes of such a trend, mostly because suitable data are seldom available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term Trend in the Maturation Reaction Norm of Two Cod Stocks

Barot

Heino

O’Brien

et al. 2004

Ecological Applications

125

129

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Abstract. Average age and size at maturation have decreased in many commercially exploited fish stocks during the last decades. This phenomenon could be either a direct phenotypic response to some environmental variation or the evolutionary consequence of some selective pressure. Traditionally used maturation indices, e.g., the age and size at which 50% of individuals are mature, are not appropriate to assess the causes of changes in maturation because they are influenced, in addition to maturation per se, by growth and survival. To make up for this shortcoming, we use a reaction-norm-based approach to disentangle evolutionary changes and phenotypic plasticity. A method is presented to estimate the reaction norm for age and size at maturation from data commonly gathered for the management of fisheries. This method is applied to data on Georges Bank and Gulf of Maine stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The results show that maturation reaction norms in these stocks have shifted significantly downward, resulting in a tendency to mature earlier at smaller size. These findings support the hypothesis that an evolutionary trend, probably caused by high fishing mortalities, is partially responsible for the observed decrease in age and size at maturation in these cod stocks. Two independent reasons justify this interpretation. First, there is no corresponding trend in growth that would suggest that improved feeding conditions could have facilitated maturation. Second, the results are based on maturation reaction norms, from which the known confounding effects of the growth and mortality variation are removed. Consequences of fisheries-induced evolution for the sustainability of the fishery are discussed.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roach & Wulff, 1987 ;Sultan, 1996). Thus, differences in seed provisioning could influence seed size and\or seed quality, which in turn affect subsequent seedling and adult traits (Sultan, 1996). Large-seeded flowering plants are particularly susceptible to maternal effects expressed through differential provisioning (see Helenurm & Schaal, 1996).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent, non‐seed‐size maternal effects on life‐history traits in the progeny generation in squash, Cucurbita pepo

El‐Keblawy

Lovett‐Doust

1998

New Phytologist

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Maternal-environmental effects on subsequent progeny life-history traits were evaluated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) in terms of the amount of time available for seed development, and the timing of fruit production. Progeny arising from three kinds of fruit were compared. Plants from which fruits were removed 3 d post-pollination throughout the growing season developed only ' late ' fruits (during 10-15 d) at the end of the growing season ; on control plants both ' early ' and ' late ' fruits developed (both types allowed to ripen fully). Seed from each type of fruit was weighed individually and categorized into three size classes, then germinated and raised to maturity, including regular harvesting of all fruits 3 d post-pollination. Maternal effects were evident for both vegetative and reproductive traits and carried over to later stages. In contrast, effects due simply to seed size disappeared by day 30 for leaf variables and day 60 for male flower production. Within a seed-size class, progeny arising from fruit of treated plants produced significantly more leaves, with greater size, and more male flowers than those arising from fruit of control plants, while the reverse was true for fruit number and fruit mass. This result is discussed in terms of possible gibberellic acid involvement. In control plants, progeny arising from seeds in the large, fully mature ' early ' fruits produced significantly more, and larger leaves by day 30 than did those from late fruits (suggesting differential provisioning in seeds during development). Male flower production had a highly significant positive correlation with vegetative mass and a significant negative correlation with fruit production.

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Phenotypic Plasticity for Offspring Traits in Polygonum Persicaria

Cited by 159 publications

References 73 publications

Contrasting germination responses to vegetative canopies experienced in pre- vs. post-dispersal environments

Contrasting germination responses to vegetative canopies experienced in pre- vs. post-dispersal environments

Long‐term Trend in the Maturation Reaction Norm of Two Cod Stocks

Persistent, non‐seed‐size maternal effects on life‐history traits in the progeny generation in squash, Cucurbita pepo

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