Phenotypic molecular features of long-lived animal species

Jové, Mariona; Mota-Martorell, Natàlia; Fernàndez-Bernal, Anna; Portero-Otin, Manuel; Barja, Gustavo; Pamplona, Reinald

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.023

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Potentially, methionine-longevity adaptations occur exclusively in higher vertebrate clades. Notably, negative changes in the soluble level of methionine and various metabolites of the methionine degradation pathway have been found to be prominent biochemical predictors of longevity and stress resistance [ 33 , 58 , 70 ]. Even if soluble amino acid concentrations should not have any immediate influence on their usage in genetically encoded proteins, a coevolution of both properties is clearly conceivable [ 33 , 70 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) The prime source of superoxide within mitochondria are the respiratory chain complexes of the inner mitochondrial membrane [ 25 , 26 ], which are by themselves in need of special antioxidant protection [ 18 , 28 ]. (iv) Longevity requires particular antioxidant long-term strategies of prevention and repair [ 1 , 29 , 30 ], several of which are realized through structural amino acid usage changes [ 7 , 9 , 12 , 20 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. (v) As opposed to anaerobic fermentation, aerobic respiration involves cellular oxygen toxicity, which is mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cysteine Is the Only Universally Affected and Disfavored Proteomic Amino Acid under Oxidative Conditions in Animals

Schindeldecker,

Moosmann

2024

Antioxidants

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Oxidative modifications of amino acid side chains in proteins are a hallmark of oxidative stress, and they are usually regarded as structural damage. However, amino acid oxidation may also have a protective effect and may serve regulatory or structural purposes. Here, we have attempted to characterize the global redox role of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids in animals by analyzing their usage frequency in 5 plausible evolutionary paradigms of increased oxidative burden: (i) peroxisomal proteins versus all proteins, (ii) mitochondrial proteins versus all proteins, (iii) mitochondrially encoded respiratory chain proteins versus all mitochondrial proteins, (iv) proteins from long-lived animals versus those from short-lived animals, and (v) proteins from aerobic, free-living animals versus those from facultatively anaerobic animals. We have found that avoidance of cysteine in the oxidative condition was the most pronounced and significant variation in the majority of comparisons. Beyond this preeminent pattern, only local signals were observed, primarily increases in methionine and glutamine as well as decreases in serine and proline. Hence, certain types of cysteine oxidation appear to enforce its proteome-wide evolutionary avoidance despite its essential role in disulfide bond formation and metal ligation. The susceptibility to oxidation of all other amino acids appears to be generally unproblematic, and sometimes advantageous.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cysteine Is the Only Universally Affected and Disfavored Proteomic Amino Acid under Oxidative Conditions in Animals

Schindeldecker,

Moosmann

2024

Antioxidants

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Coevolution of non-homologous end joining efficiency and encephalization

Udroiu,

Sgura

2024

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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Double strand breaks, the most difficult to repair DNA damage, are mainly repaired by Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ) or Homologous Recombination (HR). Previous studies seem to indicate that primates, and particularly humans, have a better NHEJ system. A distinctive feature of the primate lineage (beside longevity) is encephalization, i.e. the expansion of brain relative to body mass. Using existing transcriptome data from 34 mammalian species, we investigated the possible correlations between the expression of genes involved in NHEJ and encephalization, body mass and longevity. The same was done also for genes involved in the HR pathway. We found that, while HR gene expression is better correlated with longevity, NHEJ gene expression is strongly (and better) correlated with encephalization. Since the brain is composed of post-mitotic cells, double-strand breaks repair should be mainly performed by NHEJ in this organ. Therefore, we interpret the correlation we found as an indication that NHEJ efficiency coevolved with encephalization.

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