Phenotypic intrapopulation variation in quinoa from the department of Boyacá, Colombia

Abstract

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) is an Andean crop that originated from the Andes of South America, with great agronomic, industrial, pharmaceutical potential and also a great capacity to tolerate adverse environmental factors. In Colombia, more accurately in the Department of Nariño, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Boyacá. Shows great genetic variation, both molecular and morphological, which organization remains poorly documented. In Boyacá, there are few studies on the morphological characterization of cultivated materials, and there is no certified planting material, with farmers planting a mixture of materials. Qualitative and quantitative descriptors and principal component and cluster analyses were used to characterize the structure of the intra-population phenotypic variation in Blanca de Jericó quinoa materials grown in the Department of Boyacá. The principal component analysis explained more than 70 % of the observed variation, with the AP, LP, DP, LHS, and AHS characteristics being more variable. The cluster analysis showed grouping by characteristics, such as AP, panicle color, and the presence of pigmented axillae. Results show that the variance in morpho-phenological traits was concentrated at the intra-population, due to high variation at the inter-individual level. A more efficient selection process should be carried out to find materials or "pure" varieties with higher yields, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, and adaptation to local conditions, which make quinoa an economically profitable crop in the Boyacá department.

Empirical phenotyping and genome-wide association study reveal the association of panicle architecture with yield in Chenopodium quinoa

“…In preceding studies, these variables were more discriminative for evaluating quinoa genotypes ( Coronado et al, 2020 ). The CV values found for other quantitative traits were also verified by previously reported studies on quinoa characterization ( Afiah et al, 2018 ; Coronado et al, 2020 ; Morillo-Coronado et al, 2022 ). The DM trait with less CV (6.58%) ranged from 148 to 189 days; however, this trait has been greatly distinctive in different geographical zones.…”

Variabilidad morfoagronómica de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) nativa tipo Chimborazo en Ecuador

“…Dichas características han llevado a afirmar que no es posible hablar de variedades puras y en general, se trata de poblaciones seleccionadas que presentan determinada pureza y uniformidad (Nieto et al, 1986). Autores de diferentes países han referido el estudio de la variación de las características morfológicas y otros parámetros genéticos, así como su asociación con caracteres de interés (Lozano-Isla et al, 2023;Morillo-Coronado et al, 2022). Entre ellos, contenido de saponina en los granos, tolerancia al frío y/o resistencia a organismos patógenos (Fuentes et al, 2009;Infante et al, 2018;Mahdavi Rad et al, 2022;Torres et al, 2000;Urdanegui et al, 2021;Vergara et al, 2020).…”