Phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H5N2 isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan

Jahangir, Alam; Ruenphet, Sakchai; Shoham, Dany; Okamura, Masashi; Nakamaura, Masayuki; Takehara, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2009.07.015

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…H5N2, a strain isolated by us from the same host in 2006, at the same location[19]. The similarity among those four H5 HAs at the amino acid level ranges from 97.9 to 99.7%, while similarity with Akita/714/06 H5N2 ranges from 98.4 to 98.9%.…”

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confidence: 91%

Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from Northern pintails (Anas acuta) in Japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspects

et al. 2009

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Pintails constitute an important host of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Genetic, molecular, and antigenic characteristics of H5 and H7 AIVs, which we isolated from northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in Japan, were analyzed and found to be linked to various ecological features, chiefly in terms of gene geography, as shaped by various migratory aquatic host species. Although all the isolates were found to be of low pathogenicity (LP), we explored gene predispositions that may potentially underlie tentative transition to high pathogenicity (HP). Evolutionarily, the HA and NA genes of the isolates affiliated mostly with Eurasian lineage. The viruses closely related to ours were derived from China, Korea, Mongolia, Japan, and Australia. Comprehensive ecophylogenetic evaluations revealed that the pintail populations we sampled might have given rise to or been involved in the emergence of a LPAI H7N6 subtype that caused outbreaks in quail (Coturnix japonica) farms in Japan, as well as of the first H5N9 subtype ever isolated in Asia. The latter strain isolated by us showed, yet, notable affinity to certain North American and Australian strains, thereby signifying apparent intercontinental interfaces accounted for by extensive water-bird flyways. Noticeable conservation of certain antigenic sites within both Eurasian and North American H7 HAs is apparently an outcome of their advantageous survival value, in terms of restricted immunogenicity. Besides, the Japanese-Korean-Siberian regional axis seems to be particularly important for ongoing generation of novel viral strains due to conveyance of certain genes and genomes by migratory ducks, including such that circulate among pigs and human.

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confidence: 91%

Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from Northern pintails (Anas acuta) in Japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspects

et al. 2009

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“…In that connection, perhaps, it is of note that the NS gene of some viruses, for example Aomori/372/08 H7N7 and Miyagi/674/08 H7N7 of this study have only <3% nucleotide disparity from that of a Russian strain, namely A/duck/Chabarovsk/1610/72 H3N8 (Chabarovsk/1610/72 H3N8), isolated in 1972. The NS gene of one of the viruses we had isolated from pintail ducks, namely Akita/714/06 H5N2, has 98.3% nucleotide homology to the same Russian isolate Chabarovsk/1610/72 H3N8 [26]. It means that the ongoing mutation rate during about 35 years was only about 1.7%, which is markedly less than the expected one.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noteworthy that the NP gene of the majority of viruses (75% of 8 viruses) investigated in this study had a high homology to a porcine strain, namely A/swine/Korea/C12/08 H5N2 (Korea/C12/08 H5N2) isolated in 2008, suggesting that the NP genes of these viruses and the Korea isolate might have a common ancestral origin. Similar to NP gene of H1 viruses, the HA genes of some H5N2 viruses isolated by us during 2006-2007 were found to be closely related to this Korean virus [19, 26]. In conjunction, biogeographically and phylogenetically, other related strains, namely A/garganey/San Jiang/160/06 H5N2, A/baikal teal/Hongze/14/05 H11N9, and A/duck/Hong Kong/MPS180/03 H4N6 originated from China, and one strain, A/mallard/Hokkaido/24/09 H5N1, from Japan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Avian Influenza Viruses: Cocirculation of Avian Influenza Viruses with Allele A and B Nonstructural Gene in Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Ducks Wintering in Japan

Alam

Ruenphet

Sultana

et al. 2012

Influenza Research and Treatment

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The pandemic influenza virus strains of 1918 (H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2), and 2009 (H1N1) have genes related to avian influenza viruses (AIVs). The nonstructural (NS) gene of AIVs plays a significant role in host-viral interaction. However, little is known about the degree of diversity of this gene in Northern pintail (Anas acuta) ducks wintering in Japan. This study describes characteristics of pintail-originated H1N1, H1N2, H1N3, H5N2, H5N3, H5N9, and H7N7 viruses. Most of the viruses were revealed to be avian strains and not related to pandemic and seasonal flu strains. Nevertheless, the NP genes of 62.5% (5/8) viruses were found closely related to a A/swine/Korea/C12/08, indicating exchange of genetic material and ongoing mammalian-linked evolution of AIVs. Besides, all the viruses, except Aomori/422/07 H1N1, contain PSIQSR∗GLF motif usually found in avian, porcine, and human H1 strains. The Aomori/422/07 H1N1 has a PSVQSR∗GLF motif identical to a North American strain. This findings linked to an important intercontinental, Asian-American biogeographical interface. Phylogenetically all the viruses were clustered in Eurasian lineage. Cocirculation of allele A and B (NS gene) viruses was evident in the study implying the existence of a wide reservoir of influenza A viruses in pintail wintering in Japan.

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“…Further, we found that the NS gene of one of those isolates (H5N2) has 98.3% nucleotide homology with a H3N8 virus isolated from duck in 1972 in Chabarovsk, a Russian region lying aside the principal Siberian route of migratory waterfowl. [76] Arithmetically, this means that for at least 11 years, the NS gene has been conserved, considering the ordinary minimal yearly mutational rate (Table 3). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types

Shoham

Alam

Ruenphet

et al. 2012

Influenza Research and Treatment

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Background. This study investigates the viable persistence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in various types of artificially frozen environmental water and evaluates the feasibility of similar occurrence taking place in nature, and allowing for prolonged abiotic virus survival, with subsequent biotic viral recirculation. Methods. Fresh, brackish, and salty water, taken in Japan from aquatic biotopes regularly visited by migratory waterfowl, were seeded with AIVs. We monthly monitored the viability of the seeded viruses in the frozen state at −20°C and −30°C, for 12 months. We also monitored virus viability following repeatedly induced freezing and thawing. Results. The viruses exhibited considerable viable persistence all along that period of time, as well as during freezing-thawing cycles. Appreciable, yet noncrucial variances were observed in relation to some of the parameters examined. Conclusions. As typical waterborne pathogens of numerous northerly aquatic birds, AIVs are innately adapted to both the body temperature of their hosts (40°C to 42°C) and, presumably, to subzero temperatures of frozen lakes (down to −54°C in parts of Siberia) occupied and virus-seeded by subclinically infected birds, prior to freezing. Marked cryostability of AIVs appears to be evident. Preservation in environmental ice has significant ecophylogenetic and epidemiological implications, potentially, and could account for various unexplained phenomena.

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Phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H5N2 isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from Northern pintails (Anas acuta) in Japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspects

Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from Northern pintails (Anas acuta) in Japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspects

Genetic Analysis of Avian Influenza Viruses: Cocirculation of Avian Influenza Viruses with Allele A and B Nonstructural Gene in Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Ducks Wintering in Japan

Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types

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