Phenotypic evolution under Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection

Charnov, Eric L.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1989.15

Cited by 79 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…In the eyes of some kangaroo harvesters or conservation biologists, it would be beneficial to change the balance in favor of kangaroos with higher drought resistance because this would decrease the variance in the population dynamics of kangaroos. However, in a multitrait system, both positive and negative correlations can occur despite underlying physiological trade-off between pairs of traits (Charlesworth 1980, Charnov 1989. For example, Stokes and Law (2000) argue that genetic changes caused by size-selective harvesting in fish are large enough to affect the productivity of fisheries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Harvest Refuges Buffer Kangaroos Against Evolutionary Responses to Selective Harvesting?

Tenhumberg

Tyre

Pople

et al. 2004

Ecology

123

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Abstract. There is a wealth of literature documenting a directional change of body size in heavily harvested populations. Most of this work concentrates on aquatic systems, but terrestrial populations are equally at risk. This paper explores the capacity of harvest refuges to counteract potential effects of size-selective harvesting on the allele frequency of populations. We constructed a stochastic, individual-based model parameterized with data on red kangaroos. Because we do not know which part of individual growth would change in the course of natural selection, we explored the effects of two alternative models of individual growth in which alleles affect either the growth rate or the maximum size. The model results show that size-selective harvesting can result in significantly smaller kangaroos for a given age when the entire population is subject to harvesting. In contrast, in scenarios that include dispersal from harvest refuges, the initial allele frequency remains virtually unchanged.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Harvest Refuges Buffer Kangaroos Against Evolutionary Responses to Selective Harvesting?

Tenhumberg

Tyre

Pople

et al. 2004

Ecology

123

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“…However, there are several secondary ideas that are relevant. If there is constant directional selection, then genetic variation might eventually be exhausted in the selected direction (Lande 1982;Charnov 1989;Charlesworth 1990). The remaining variation will primarily reside in subspaces orthogonal to selection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much do genetic covariances alter the rate of adaptation?

2008

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Genetically correlated traits do not evolve independently, and the covariances between traits affect the rate at which a population adapts to a specified selection regime. To measure the impact of genetic covariances on the rate of adaptation, we compare the rate fitness increases given the observed G matrix to the expected rate if all the covariances in the G matrix are set to zero. Using data from the literature, we estimate the effect of genetic covariances in real populations. We find no net tendency for covariances to constrain the rate of adaptation, though the quality and heterogeneity of the data limit the certainty of this result. There are some examples in which covariances strongly constrain the rate of adaptation but these are balanced by counter examples in which covariances facilitate the rate of adaptation; in many cases, covariances have little or no effect. We also discuss how our metric can be used to identify traits or suites of traits whose genetic covariances to other traits have a particularly large impact on the rate of adaptation.

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“…Where selection acts to increase each of two or more traits in isolation, the negative covariance brought about by such pleiotropy presents an important limitation on evolution (Lande 1982;Charnov 1989). A special case of such trade-offs occurs when adaptation to geographically separate environments is negatively correlated, such that high fitness in one habitat is associated with low fitness in others (Levene 1953;Via and Lande 1987;Joshi and Thompson 1995).…”

Section: H Eritable Variation In Lifetime Reproductivementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Genes Under Selection Across Multiple Years and Sites inAvena barbata: Epistasis, Pleiotropy, and Genotype-by-Environment Interactions

Latta

Gardner²,

Staples³

2010

Genetics

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The genetic architecture of variation in evolutionary fitness determines the trajectory of adaptive change. We identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting fitness in a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between moist-and dry-associated ecotypes of Avena barbata. We estimated fitness in 179 RILs in each of two natural environments in each of 4 years. Two loci account for over half of the variation in geometric mean fitness across environments. These loci are associated in repulsion phase in the wild ecotypes, suggesting the potential for strong transgressive segregation, but also show significant epistasis giving hybrid breakdown. This epistasis is the result of sharply lower fitness in only one of the recombinant genotypes, suggesting that the loci may contain synergistically acting mutations. Within each trial (year/site combination), we can explain less of the variation than for geometric mean fitness, but the two major loci are associated with variation in fitness in most environments. Tests for pleiotropic effects of QTL on fitness in different environments reveal that the same loci are under selection in all trials. Genotype-by-environment interactions are significant for some loci, but this reflects variation in the strength, not the direction of selection.

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Phenotypic evolution under Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection

Cited by 79 publications

References 3 publications

Do Harvest Refuges Buffer Kangaroos Against Evolutionary Responses to Selective Harvesting?

Do Harvest Refuges Buffer Kangaroos Against Evolutionary Responses to Selective Harvesting?

How much do genetic covariances alter the rate of adaptation?

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Genes Under Selection Across Multiple Years and Sites inAvena barbata: Epistasis, Pleiotropy, and Genotype-by-Environment Interactions

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