Phenotypic Diversity of Date Palm Cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Sudan Estimated by Vegetative and Fruit Characteristics

Abstract

The aim of this study was to apply some of the vegetative and fruit traits which are easily recognised to identify the variation and the diversity level of the most famous Sudanese date palm cultivars grown on farm in the northern region of Sudan. Sixteen phenotypic traits consisting of ten quantitative and six qualitative characteristics were used for describing the vegetative and fruit characteristics. The principal components analysis (PCA) and UPGMA clustering were used to analyse the data set. The results revealed high variability among the cultivars according to PCA. Fourteen out of the sixteen quantitative and qualitative traits investigated showed a strong discriminating factor suggesting their possible uses in the initiation of Sudanese date palm morphological descriptor list. UPGMA clustering exhibited strong relationship between some cultivars according to their fruit and vegetative characteristics similarity. Based on morphological traits, cultivars Wad-laggi (Lag) and Wad-khateeb (Kha) formed a distinct group suggesting their close relatedness. Similarly, the cultivars sharing the dry fruit texture such as Gondaila (Gon), Tamoda (Tam), Kolmah (Kol), and Barkawi (Bar) were grouped together according to their vegetative traits. Further investigations on Sudanese date palm using more phenotypic characteristics are recommended in order to shape and complete the set of the morphological descriptor list.

Phenotypic Characterization of Local Date Palm Cultivars at Jericho in Palestinian Jordan Valley District

“…Dry types are considerably easier to store than soft types that are consumed fresh during the production season. This is an indication of its mixed group (dry, semisoft, or soft) because of seed propagation (17,22) . Leaf colour, arrangement of spines and curvature of the leaf revealed great variability between cultivars Table 2.…”

“…While, leaf samples were collected from the same cultivars during February 2019. In order to conduct the morphological characterization, twenty-two (22) vegetative traits of the date palm were analysed for all of the identified trees. Out of which 10 were agronomic (fruit and seed traits) (MP1-MP10) and 12 were leave traits (MP11-MP22) as described in Table 1.…”

FAKTOR BERBUAHNYA POHON KURMA (Phoenix dactylifera) DI KAMPUS 2 UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG

“…Berwarna kuning pucat, sepal bersatu, memiliki tiga karpal dan tiga kelopak. Buah dari kurma berbentuk drupes dan berbiji tunggal (Elsafy, Garkava-Gustavsson, & Mujaju, 2015). Pohon kurma dapat diperbanyak melalui kultur jaringan atau melalui benih (secara vegetatif).…”

“…Pohon kurma dapat diperbanyak melalui kultur jaringan atau melalui benih (secara vegetatif). Variasi dalam kurma dianggap dihasilkan oleh perbanyakan melalui biji yang menghasilkan genotip (Elsafy et al, 2015).…”

Salt and drought stress exhibits oxidative stress and modulated protein patterns in roots and leaves of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

“…Drought and salinity are essential environmental issues prevailing in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivation regions where they can negatively impact growth and productivity (Al-Khayri & Al-Bahrany, 2004;Al-Bahrany & Al-Khayri, 2012;Shareef, 2019). Several types of genetic markers have been used to characterize date palm varieties under different stress conditions based on phenotypic (Elsafy et al, 2015), biochemical (Yaish et al, 2015)little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to its salt tolerance. Only recently, investigators have uncovered microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation, which is critical for typical plant development and adaptation to stress conditions such as salinity.…”