Phenotypic diversity amongst strains of Pleurotus sajor-caju: implications for cultivation in arid environments

Kashangura, Chenjerayi; Hallsworth, John E.; Mswaka, Allen Y.

doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2005.10.006

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Furthermore, determinations of colony diameter, which are used to quantify radial growth rates for many fungal species (e.g. Parra and Magan, ; Kashangura et al ., ; Williams and Hallsworth, ), cannot be used because actinomycete cell morphology and the density of hyphal coverage varies greatly (depending on temperature and water activity), such that radial growth‐rate values would not reflect actual growth. For this reason, we utilized spot test assays (see Experimental procedures ), which have been successfully used to quantify colony development of diverse microbial species (Miles and Misra, ; Chin et al ., ; Matecic et al ., ; Cray et al ., ; Pais et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and temperature relations of soil Actinobacteria

Stevenson

Hallsworth

2014

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Actinobacteria perform essential functions within soils, and are dependent on available water to do so. We determined the water-activity (aw ) limits for cell division of Streptomyces albidoflavus, Streptomyces rectiviolaceus, Micromonospora grisea and Micromonospora (JCM 3050) over a range of temperatures, using culture media supplemented with a biologically permissive solute (glycerol). Each species grew optimally at 0.998 aw (control; no added glycerol) and growth rates were near-optimal in the range 0.971-0.974 (1 M glycerol) at permissive temperatures. Each was capable of cell division at 0.916-0.924 aw (2 M glycerol), but only S. albidoflavus grew at 0.895 or 0.897 aw (3 M glycerol, at 30 and 37°C respectively). For S. albidoflavus, however, no growth occurred on media at ≤ 0.870 (4 M glycerol) during the 40-day assessment period, regardless of temperature, and a theoretical limit of 0.877 aw was derived by extrapolation of growth curves. This level of solute tolerance is high for non-halophilic bacteria, but is consistent with reported limits for the growth and metabolic activities of soil microbes. The limit, within the range 0.895-0.870 aw , is very much inferior to those for obligately halophilic bacteria and extremely halophilic or xerophilic fungi, and is inconsistent with earlier reports of cell division at 0.500 aw . These findings are discussed in relation to planetary protection policy for space exploration and the microbiology of arid soils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and temperature relations of soil Actinobacteria

Stevenson

Hallsworth

2014

Environ Microbiol Rep

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“…To exploit this huge resource, investigators have focused their attention on endophytes' potential for becoming bioactive metabolites with medical, agricultural and industrial potentials , as a food source, or for catalyzing ecological development (Kashangura et al 2006). Recent studies show that endophytic fungi play an important role in the early stage of leaf litter decomposition-some even have marked ligninolytic activity and lignin degradation ability (Koide et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, research indicates that in soil habitats, filamentous fungi offer certain advantages over bacteria for bioremediation (Potin et al 2004;Salvo et al 2005). Fungi are seen as potential soil remediation organisms (Gramss et al 1999), especially in arid and semi-arid environments (Kashangura et al 2006). In the field of PAHs degradation by fungi, the majority of studies have focused on white rot fungi (Cerniglia 1992;Bezalel et al 1996a;Magan and Mswaka 1998;Kim et al 1998;Mori et al 2003;Han et al 2004), particularly Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Dhawale et al 1992;Paszczynski and Crawford 1995;Zheng and Obbard 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of phenanthrene by the endophytic fungus Ceratobasidum stevensii found in Bischofia polycarpa

Dai

Zhao

et al. 2009

Biodegradation

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Some strains of white rot fungi, non-lignolytic fungi and litter-decomposing basidiomycetes have been recognized as PAH degraders. The purpose of our research was to enlarge the scope of PAH-degrading fungi and explore the huge endophytic microorganism resource for bioremediation of PAHs. In this study, phenanthrene was used as a model PAHs compound. Nine strains of endophytic fungi isolated from four kinds of plant from Eupharbiaceae were screened for degradation of phenanthrene. The endophytic fungus Ceratobasidum stevensii (strain B6) isolated from Bischofia polycarpam showed high degradation efficiency and was selected for further studies. Into the fungal culture, 100 mg l(-1) phenanthrene was added, and after 10 days of incubation, about 89.51% of the phenanthrene was removed by strain B6. Extracellular ligninolytic enzyme activities of strain B6 were tested. The results showed that manganese peroxidase [MnP] was the predominant ligninolytic enzyme and that its production was greatly induced by the presence of phenanthrene. To confirm the involvement of MnP in phenanthrene degradation, promotion and inhibition studies on MnP in different concentration level of Mn(2+) and NaN(3) were performed. Additionally, fungal mycelium-free and resuspended experiments were carried out. The results showed no apparent correlation between MnP activity and phenanthrene degradation. The mycelium and fresh medium were the crucial factors affecting the degradation of phenanthrene. To date, this is the first report on PAH degradation by Ceratobasidum stevensii. This study suggests that endophytic fungi might be a novel and important resource for microorganisms that have PAH-degrading capabilities.

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“…Whereas the vast majority of compatible solutes are kosmotropic, it is remarkable to consider that microbial cells may be genetically hardwired to preferentially produce and/or accumulate chaotropic metabolites, such as glycerol and fructose, under conditions that promote macromolecular interactions to an extent that limits metabolic activity and cell division (e.g., temperatures close to and below 0°C). Environmental parameters and intracellular stress metabolites that determine microbial growth windows ultimately determine the extent of the functional biosphere (5,12,13,20,(30)(31)(32). The finding that chaotropicity can intervene in potentially lethal processes has implications for microbial activity in the Earth's biosphere (many microbial habitats contain chaotropes: MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 , glycerol, fructose, urea, aromatics such as phenol, etc.)…”

Section: Solute Activities Determine Survival Of Spores Exposed To Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solutes determine the temperature windows for microbial survival and growth

Chin¹,

Megaw²,

Magill³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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185

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Microbial cells, and ultimately the Earth's biosphere, function within a narrow range of physicochemical conditions. For the majority of ecosystems, productivity is cold-limited, and it is microbes that represent the failure point. This study was carried out to determine if naturally occurring solutes can extend the temperature windows for activity of microorganisms. We found that substances known to disorder cellular macromolecules (chaotropes) did expand microbial growth windows, fungi preferentially accumulated chaotropic metabolites at low temperature, and chemical activities of solutes determined microbial survival at extremes of temperature as well as pressure. This information can enhance the precision of models used to predict if extraterrestrial and other hostile environments are able to support life; furthermore, chaotropes may be used to extend the growth windows for key microbes, such as saprotrophs, in cold ecosystems and manmade biomes.

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Phenotypic diversity amongst strains of Pleurotus sajor-caju: implications for cultivation in arid environments

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Water and temperature relations of soil Actinobacteria

Water and temperature relations of soil Actinobacteria

Degradation of phenanthrene by the endophytic fungus Ceratobasidum stevensii found in Bischofia polycarpa

Solutes determine the temperature windows for microbial survival and growth

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