Phenotypic Detection of Β-Lactam Antibiotics, Methicillin and Inducible Clindamycin Resistance Among Bacterial Isolates in Patients with Otitis Externa

Abstract

Background: Otitis is a general terminology used for inflammation or infection of the ear; Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. are the most common causes of otitis externa. The resistance mechanism against the beta-lactams group is due to the pro-

Study of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from Clinical Cases and determination of its multidrugresistant to antibiotics and phytosynthesized ZnO (NPs)

“…The occurrence of blocking treatments by bacteria as a result of the bad use of antibiotics, which leads to its continuous exposure to treatments, which gives adaptation to live in such environments as a result of selective pressure, encouraging the occurrence of mutations in the chromosome and bacterial plasmid, and this is in line with what Chabi and Momtaz, 2019 confirmed the failure of beta-lactam antibiotics to affect on current isolates, resistance reached 100% for the penicillin, ampicillin and ticarcillin antagonists, and this is confirmed by (Shahandeh et al, 2018) in the fact that S.aureus and beta-lactam ring and con-trolled by chromosome or plasmid of bacteria, as well as other resistance mechanisms such as narrowing of the channels through which the antibiotic and the absence of antibiotic receptors and the production of bacteria for mucous layers and viscous substances that prevent the arrival of the antibiotics to its sites, as well as modifications in the permeability of the plasma membrane, It had more thickness and thickness as a result of the present lipid layers, it is more than tht in sensitive bacteria. S.epidermidis bacteria had a great ability in producing virulence factors, including the production of beta-lactamases that are important in destroying the antibiotics that contain the This is what they have learned about Ranjbar et al, 2018 in their study of virulence factors and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance by bacteria.…”