Phenotypic characterization of maize landraces from Sahel and Coastal West Africa reveals marked diversity and potential for genetic improvement

Nelimor, Charles; Badu‐Apraku, B.; N’guetta, Assanvo Simon-Pierre; Tetteh, Antonia Y.; Garcia‐Oliveira, Ana Luísa

doi:10.1080/15427528.2019.1674760

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This result was expected due to the geographical proximity of the two countries and the similarity of the climatic conditions. The Burkinabe gene pool largely diverged from all others, suggesting its adaptation to Sahel conditions, which is in agreement with its pattern of phenotypic diversity [12]. Multivariate analyses revealed high affinity of Ghanaian and Togolese landraces with the reference populations (Figures 1 and 3-5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…This result further reflected the gene flow via seed exchanges and local preferences towards a given agrotype owing to similar climatic conditions. These may have significantly shaped the distribution of the genetic diversity within Ghanaian and Togolese maize landraces, as was previously suggested [12]. The F ST and Nm values (Table 3) suggested that the Ghanaian gene pool was closer to the reference populations, in agreement with PCoA stratification (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Genomic Analysis of Selected Maize Landraces from Sahel and Coastal West Africa Reveals Their Variability and Potential for Genetic Enhancement

Nelimor

Badu‐Apraku

Garcia‐Oliveira

et al. 2020

Genes

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Genetic adaptation of maize to the increasingly unpredictable climatic conditions is an essential prerequisite for achievement of food security and sustainable development goals in sub-Saharan Africa. The landraces of maize; which have not served as sources of improved germplasm; are invaluable sources of novel genetic variability crucial for achieving this objective. The overall goal of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of a maize panel of 208 accessions; comprising landrace gene pools from Burkina Faso (58), Ghana (43), and Togo (89), together with reference populations (18) from the maize improvement program of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Genotyping the maize panel with 5974 DArTseq-SNP markers revealed immense genetic diversity indicated by average expected heterozygosity (0.36), observed heterozygosity (0.5), and polymorphic information content (0.29). Model-based population structure; neighbor-joining tree; discriminant analysis of principal component; and principal coordinate analyses all separated the maize panel into three major sub-populations; each capable of providing a wide range of allelic variation. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 86% of the variation was within individuals; while 14% was attributable to differences among gene pools. The Burkinabe gene pool was strongly differentiated from all the others (genetic differentiation values >0.20), with no gene flow (Nm) to the reference populations (Nm = 0.98). Thus; this gene pool could be a target for novel genetic variation for maize improvement. The results of the present study confirmed the potential of this maize panel as an invaluable genetic resource for future design of association mapping studies to speed-up the introgression of this novel variation into the existing breeding pipelines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Genomic Analysis of Selected Maize Landraces from Sahel and Coastal West Africa Reveals Their Variability and Potential for Genetic Enhancement

Nelimor

Badu‐Apraku

Garcia‐Oliveira

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…One hundred and ninety-six (196) maize landraces, representing gene pools from Burkina Faso, Ghana and Togo, were sourced from germplasm banks at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria and the Plant Genetics Resources Institute of Ghana. The germplasm was evaluated for phenotypic variation during the main growing season in 2017 and 2018 [25]. Thirty-three landraces, comprising six each from Burkina Faso and Ghana, and 21 from Togo, were used for this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty-three landraces, comprising six each from Burkina Faso and Ghana, and 21 from Togo, were used for this study. The landraces were selected based on the expression of the adaptive traits such as shortness and early flowering under OGC [25]. Three improved populations/varieties with enhanced tolerance to DS and/or HS, which served as checks were obtained from the Maize Improvement Program at IITA (IITA-MIP), Ibadan, Nigeria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Drought, Heat and Combined Drought and Heat Stress Tolerance in Early Maturing Maize Landraces

Nelimor

Badu‐Apraku

Tetteh

et al. 2019

Plants

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Climate change is expected to aggravate the effects of drought, heat and combined drought and heat stresses. An important step in developing ‘climate smart’ maize varieties is to identify germplasm with good levels of tolerance to the abiotic stresses. The primary objective of this study was to identify landraces with combined high yield potential and desirable secondary traits under drought, heat and combined drought and heat stresses. Thirty-three landraces from Burkina Faso (6), Ghana (6) and Togo (21), and three drought-tolerant populations/varieties from the Maize Improvement Program at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture were evaluated under three conditions, namely managed drought stress, heat stress and combined drought and heat stress, with optimal growing conditions as control, for two years. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between grain yield of the different treatments were very weak, suggesting the presence of independent genetic control of yield to these stresses. However, grain yield under heat and combined drought and heat stresses were highly and positively correlated, indicating that heat-tolerant genotypes would most likely tolerate combined drought and stress. Yield reduction averaged 46% under managed drought stress, 55% under heat stress, and 66% under combined drought and heat stress, which reflected hypo-additive effect of drought and heat stress on grain yield of the maize accessions. Accession GH-3505 was highly tolerant to drought, while GH-4859 and TZm-1353 were tolerant to the three stresses. These landrace accessions can be invaluable sources of genes/alleles for breeding for adaptation of maize to climate change.

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“…However, the agro-ecologies/environments in these countries differ in a number of ways in terms of temperature and precipitation, and the adaptation of the accessions to these contrasting agro-ecologies may have been different. We characterized the maize collections under non-stress (NS) conditions for two years, and identified traits related to adaptation to local environmental conditions [31]. A total of 66 landraces were selected for the present study based on variation in standability, plant architecture, agronomic traits (lodging, earlier flowering, anthesis-silking interval, ear husk cover) and grain yield potential under optimal conditions.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Landraces for Improving Tolerance to Drought, Heat, and Both Combined Stresses in Maize

et al. 2020

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Maize landrace accessions constitute an invaluable gene pool of unexplored alleles that can be harnessed to mitigate the challenges of the narrowing genetic base, declined genetic gains, and reduced resilience to abiotic stress in modern varieties developed from repeated recycling of few superior breeding lines. The objective of this study was to identify extra-early maize landraces that express tolerance to drought and/or heat stress and maintain high grain yield (GY) with other desirable agronomic/morpho-physiological traits. Field experiments were carried out over two years on 66 extra-early maturing maize landraces and six drought and/or heat-tolerant populations under drought stress (DS), heat stress (HS), combined both stresses (DSHS), and non-stress (NS) conditions as a control. Wide variations were observed across the accessions for measured traits under each stress, demonstrating the existence of substantial natural variation for tolerance to the abiotic stresses in the maize accessions. Performance under DS was predictive of yield potential under DSHS, but tolerance to HS was independent of tolerance to DS and DSHS. The accessions displayed greater tolerance to HS (23% yield loss) relative to DS (49% yield loss) and DSHS (yield loss = 58%). Accessions TZm-1162, TZm-1167, TZm-1472, and TZm-1508 showed particularly good adaptation to the three stresses. These landrace accessions should be further explored to identify the genes underlying their high tolerance and they could be exploited in maize breeding as a resource for broadening the genetic base and increasing the abiotic stress resilience of elite maize varieties.

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Phenotypic characterization of maize landraces from Sahel and Coastal West Africa reveals marked diversity and potential for genetic improvement

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Genomic Analysis of Selected Maize Landraces from Sahel and Coastal West Africa Reveals Their Variability and Potential for Genetic Enhancement

Genomic Analysis of Selected Maize Landraces from Sahel and Coastal West Africa Reveals Their Variability and Potential for Genetic Enhancement

Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Drought, Heat and Combined Drought and Heat Stress Tolerance in Early Maturing Maize Landraces

Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Landraces for Improving Tolerance to Drought, Heat, and Both Combined Stresses in Maize

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