Phenotypic characterization and classification of nodulation mutants of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Sagan, Muriel; Huguet, Thierry; Duc, Gérard

doi:10.1016/0168-9452(94)90134-1

Cited by 56 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, one class of mutants has lost the ability to form root nodules altogether. Some of these mutants are affected in the very first plant response to bacterial Nod factors, showing no root hair deformation (Had-phenotype; Duc and Messager, 1989;Sagan et al, 1994). One of these mutants is blocked in the first measurable response to Nod factors, oscillating changes of intracellular calcium in root hairs (Ehrhardt et al, 1996).…”

Section: Genetic Analysis Of Nodule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these mutants is blocked in the first measurable response to Nod factors, oscillating changes of intracellular calcium in root hairs (Ehrhardt et al, 1996). Other mutants show root hair deformation but do not support infection thread formation (Infphenotype; Postma et al, 1988;Markwei and LaRue, 1992;Sagan et al, 1994). There are also mutants that can form infection threads but are affected in the induction of cortical cell divisions (Noi-phenotype; Duc and Messager, 1989;Sagan et al, 1994).…”

Section: Genetic Analysis Of Nodule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other mutants show root hair deformation but do not support infection thread formation (Infphenotype; Postma et al, 1988;Markwei and LaRue, 1992;Sagan et al, 1994). There are also mutants that can form infection threads but are affected in the induction of cortical cell divisions (Noi-phenotype; Duc and Messager, 1989;Sagan et al, 1994). Other mutants, such as the aforementioned supernodulating mutants, can form nodules but are affected in the number of nodules they form (Jacobsen and Feenstra, 1984;Duc and Messager, 1989), and another class comprises mutants that form nodules defective in nitrogen fixation and are thus disturbed at later steps of nodule development (Fixphenotype; Duc and Messager, 1989;Sagan et al, 1993).…”

Section: Genetic Analysis Of Nodule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rhizobial and Actinorhizal Symbioses: What Are the Shared Features?

1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Genetic Analysis Of Nodule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Analysis Of Nodule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Analysis Of Nodule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rhizobial and Actinorhizal Symbioses: What Are the Shared Features?

1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…By mutagenesis and genetic studies several plant genes essential for normal nodule development have been identified and these genes have been named sym genes. In pea about 30 different sym genes have been described [7,18,19,26]. The sym genes are distributed randomly on the seven linkage groups of pea [19], but several sym genes, namely sym2, sym5, syml9 and nod3, are clustered on linkage group I, near the major leghaemoglobin (Lb) locus [32, 381.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pea early nodulin gene PsENOD7 maps in the region of linkage group I containing sym2 and leghaemoglobin

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The early nodulin gene, PsENOD7, is expressed in pea root nodules induced by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, but not in other plant organs. In situ hybridization showed that this gene is transcribed during nodule maturation in the infected cells of the proximal part of the prefixation zone II. At the transition of zone II into interzone II-III, the level of PsENOD7 mRNA drops markedly. PsENOD7 has no significant homology to other genes. RFLP mapping studies have shown that PsENOD7 is located in linkage group I between the leghaemoglobin genes and sym2.Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae induces the formation of nitrogen fixing root nodules on the roots ofPisum sativum (pea). By mutagenesis and genetic studies several plant genes essential for normal nodule development have been identified and these genes have been named sym genes. In pea about 30 different sym genes have been described [7,18,19,26]. The sym genes are distributed randomly on the seven linkage groups of pea [19], but several sym genes, namely sym2, sym5, syml9 and nod3, are clustered on linkage group I, near the major leghaemoglobin (Lb) locus [32, 381.The different stages of legume nodule development are accompanied by the expression of plant genes, the so-called nodulin genes. These genes, that are only expressed during nodule development, have been divided into early and late nodulin genes; the early nodulin genes are expressed before the bacteria start to fix nitrogen, whereasThe nucleotide sequence data reported will appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession number X93172.

show abstract

“…It has been proposed that these protein kinases are putative calcium-sensitive effector proteins that function downstream of calcium spiking (Lévy et al, 2004;Mitra et al, 2004). All mutants mentioned above are defective in root hair curling in response to NFs (Hac 2 phenotype; Markwei and LaRue, 1992;Sagan et al, 1994). Other non-nodulating pea mutants display a Hac 1 phenotype and seem to be impaired in further steps of symbiotic signaling, which are required for bacterial infection and nodule development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nod Factors Induce Nod Factor Cleaving Enzymes in Pea Roots. Genetic and Pharmacological Approaches Indicate Different Activation Mechanisms

Ovtsyna¹,

Долгих²,

Kilanova³

et al. 2005

Plant Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Establishment of symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia requires bacterial Nod factors (NFs). The concentration of these lipochitooligosaccharides in the rhizosphere is influenced by plant enzymes. NFs induce on pea (Pisum sativum) a particular extracellular NF hydrolase that releases lipodisaccharides from NFs from Sinorhizobium meliloti. Here, we investigated the ability of non-nodulating pea mutants to respond to NodRlv factors (NFs from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae) with enhanced NF hydrolase activity. Mutants defective in the symbiotic genes sym10, sym8, sym19, and sym9/sym30 did not exhibit any stimulation of the NF hydrolase, indicating that the enzyme is induced via an NF signal transduction pathway that includes calcium spiking (transient increases in intracellular Ca 21 levels). Interestingly, the NF hydrolase activity in these sym mutants was even lower than in wild-type peas, which were not pretreated with NodRlv factors. Activation of the NF hydrolase in wild-type plants was a specific response to NodRlv factors. The induction of the NF hydrolase was blocked by a-amanitin, cycloheximide, tunicamycin, EGTA, U73122, and calyculin A. Inhibitory effects, albeit weaker, were also found for brefeldin A, BHQ and ethephon. In addition to this NF hydrolase, NFs and stress-related signals (ethylene and salicylic acid) stimulated a pea chitinase that released lipotrisaccharides from pentameric NFs from S. meliloti. NodRlv factors failed to stimulate the chitinase in mutants defective in the sym10 and sym8 genes, whereas other mutants (e.g. mutated in the sym19 gene) retained their ability to increase the chitinase activity. These findings indicate that calcium spiking is not implicated in stimulation of the chitinase. We suggest that downstream of Sym8, a stress-related signal transduction pathway branches off from the NF signal transduction pathway.Establishment of symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia results in the formation of a new plant organ, the root nodule. Rhizobia enter the host plant usually through infection of root hairs. Bacteria within root hairs induce the formation of an infection thread that grows toward the dividing cortical cells. In a later symbiotic stage, rhizobia are released from branched infection threads into the developing nodule tissue and differentiate into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. Nodule formation is controlled by perception of rhizobial nodulation signals: the Nod factors (NFs). Flavonoids from the host plant, in conjugation with the rhizobial activator protein NodD, induce rhizobial nodulation genes (nod, nol, and noe) that are required for NF synthesis. NFs are modified lipochitooligosaccharides, i.e. chitin oligomers linked with a fatty acid replacing the N-acetyl group on their nonreducing end (Perret et al., 2000;Ovtsyna and Staehelin, 2003). On host plants, NFs induce various responses at picomolar to nanomolar concentrations. These rapid changes include root hair curling (Hac; e.g. Heidstra et al., 1994), depolarization of plasma membranes (Ehrha...

show abstract

Phenotypic characterization and classification of nodulation mutants of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Cited by 56 publications

References 49 publications

Rhizobial and Actinorhizal Symbioses: What Are the Shared Features?

Rhizobial and Actinorhizal Symbioses: What Are the Shared Features?

The pea early nodulin gene PsENOD7 maps in the region of linkage group I containing sym2 and leghaemoglobin

Nod Factors Induce Nod Factor Cleaving Enzymes in Pea Roots. Genetic and Pharmacological Approaches Indicate Different Activation Mechanisms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About