Phenotypic and Molecular Epidemiology of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii Complex Strains Spread at Nemazee Hospital of Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

BackgroundAcinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii (ACB) complex are Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria with low virulence properties. Their resistance to antibiotics has become a matter of concern in hospital infections.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of ACB isolates collected from the Nemazee hospital of Shiraz. In addition, Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to determine the genetic patterns of these strains.Patients and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 93 strains of ACB complex were isolated from patients of Nemazee hospital, Shiraz, Iran. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates to the following 15 antibiotics were determined: gentamicin, ticarcillin, ceftazidime, co-trimoxazole, imipenem, piperacillin tazobactam, amikacin, aztreonam, sulbactam, meropenem, tobramycin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, colistin, polymyxin B. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis was used to determine the clonal relationship of these strains.ResultsMost of the isolates were found to be resistant to cefotaxime, co-trimoxazole, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, ceftazidime and ticarcillin (90%), and the least resistance was observed to colistin and polymyxin B. Among the 93 tested samples, 35 antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and 47 PFGE patterns were obtained.ConclusionsHigh resistance to antibiotics was observed among the strains of ACB complex and the least resistance was towards colistin and polymyxin B, indicating that these antibiotics could be effective for treatment, in case there is no other choice. Using PFGE, the similarity between some strains of Acinetobacter was determined, which indicated epidemics in different parts of the hospital; such epidemics can in turn lead to increased incidence of Acinetobacter infections.

Bacterial Etiology and Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns of Pediatric Bloodstream Infections: A Two Year Study From Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran

“…In recent years, the Acinetobacter spp. isolation rate in our region, especially at Nemazee Hospital, has been remarkable (25,27) Etiological agents of septicemia have varied in previous reports from Iranian studies. In agreement with our study, Gheibi et al from Urmia reported Gram positive cocci, especially CoNS, as the most prevalent agents of neonatal septicemia (19).…”

“…Acinetobacter spp. has become a growing cause of nosocomial infections and has been known to cause different kinds of opportunistic infections (25,26). In recent years, the Acinetobacter spp.…”

Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii From Tehran Hospitals: Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis Characterization, Clonal Lineages, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Biofilm-forming Ability

“…Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the main causes of nosocomial infections in the recent years (18). Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most problematic organisms currently responsible for nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs) (19).…”

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“…42 Nowadays, a majority of A. baumannii species have become resistant to third and fourth generation cephalosporins, and the reason is their ability to produce ESBL which leads to cephalosporin resistance. 42,43 Generally, carbapenems are identified as agent of choice to treat A. baumannii infections, 42 but treating it has become difficult due to the occurrence of carbapenemresistant species including multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR). [42][43][44][45] In Gao et al study, 75% of isolated species were CRAB and the rate of was highest in patients with pneumonia.…”

“…42,43 Generally, carbapenems are identified as agent of choice to treat A. baumannii infections, 42 but treating it has become difficult due to the occurrence of carbapenemresistant species including multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR). [42][43][44][45] In Gao et al study, 75% of isolated species were CRAB and the rate of was highest in patients with pneumonia. 36 In Kim et al study, 82.4% of A. baumannii species and 33.3% of Acinetobacter Lwoffii species were carbapenem resistant.…”