Phenotypic and genotypic profile of the antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates and evaluation of physical and chemical potability indicators in groundwater in Brazil.

Panorama of the water supply in the Campinas region and a brief comparison with other regions in the Southeast of Brazil

“…Therefore, in the legislation there is a certain tolerance for the total coliforms, but not for the E. coli. Fioravanti et al (2020) and Tolentino et al (2019) evaluated the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of samples of alternative water solutions from wells (nonmunicipal water systems) and observed the presence of apparent color in 8% and 20%, and turbidity in 11% and 4.4%, respectively, of the samples analyzed, values above the percentages determined in the current study. This difference demonstrated the effectiveness of the water treatment systems adopted in the cities of the region.…”

“…Although the presence of color is related to consumer rejection, most people can detect color above 15 true color units (TCU) in a glass of water (WHO, 2022). The study by Tolentino et al (2019) observed that a significant percentage of samples with color and turbidity also showed the presence of bacteria from the coliform group, a fact explained by the values for turbidity, caused by sufficiently large suspensions of particles which can harbor microorganisms, resulting in inefficient chlorination of the water. Fioravanti et al (2020) observed the presence of microorganisms, 29% of total coliforms and 9% of E. coli, in the total number of samples analyzed, and concluded that the results found interfered with the quality of the water offered in schools, being associated with a lack of investment in the infrastructure of the wells and the lack of water chlorination.…”

“…Access to safe drinking water is one the most important socioeconomic determinants of the health of a community and is considered one of the main characteristics of a developed country (Tolentino et al, 2019). Consumption of untreated or inadequately treated water remains a major public health burden and can expose the community to the risk of outbreaks of intestinal and other infectious diseases (WHO, 2022).…”

“…In general, even after treatment, the public water supply samples analyzed in several studies in Brazil were exposed to several conflicting factors that could affect their quality, resulting in one or more physicochemical and microbiological parameters in disagreement with the potability standards established and/or recommended by the legislation in force in the country (Palmeira et al, 2019;Douvidauskas et al, 2017a;Freitas et al, 2002;Tolentino et al, 2019;Anversa et al, 2019;Romani et al, 2018;Faria et al, 2021;Scalize et al, 2018). This study therefore evaluated the quality of the public water supply in 42 cities located in the eastern region of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, during the years from 2016 to 2020, and conducted a brief comparison with other studies in the southeastern region of Brazil.…”

Microbiological Contamination of Urban Groundwater in the Brazilian Western Amazon

“…The drinking water in 52% of cities is partially (16%) or fully (36%) supplied by groundwater [14]. Unfortunately, numerous studies have reported the presence of microbiological contaminants in groundwater globally [15][16][17][18][19], in Brazil [20,21] and in the Amazon region [22,23]. Braga et al [24] for example, identified through cluster analysis the relation between the presence of E. coli and the rainy season in a region of the Maranhão Amazon.…”