Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Algerian hospitals

Benamrouche, Nabila; Lafer, Ourida; Benmahdi, Lahcen; Benslimani, Akila; Amhis, Wahiba; Ammari, Houria; Assaous, Farida; Azzam, Amina; Rahal, K; Maamar, Hassiba Tali

doi:10.3855/jidc.12348

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This class is the most common source of β-lactam resistance. The genes associated with class A β-lactamase resistance in A. baumannii include blaPER-(1, 2, and 7), blaSHV-(5, 12, and33), blaGES- (11 and 14), blaTEM-(1 and 92), blaCARB-10, blaCTX-M-(2 and 15), blaSCO-1, and blaVEB-1 and also contain the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) enzymes, including KPC-(2, 3, and 5) [35,37,[55][56][57][58]. Class B or MBLs show resistance to almost all β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenem, but cannot hydrolyze monobactams [59,60].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms In a Baumanniimentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Based Gene Editing in Acinetobacter baumannii to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2023

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to the health, social, environment, and economic sectors on a global scale and requires serious attention to addressing this issue. Acinetobacter baumannii was given top priority among infectious bacteria because of its extensive resistance to nearly all antibiotic classes and treatment options. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is classified as one of the critical-priority pathogens on the World Health Organization (WHO) priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for effective drug development. Although available genetic manipulation approaches are successful in A. baumannii laboratory strains, they are limited when employed on newly acquired clinical strains since such strains have higher levels of AMR than those used to select them for genetic manipulation. Recently, the CRISPR-Cas (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) system has emerged as one of the most effective, efficient, and precise methods of genome editing and offers target-specific gene editing of AMR genes in a specific bacterial strain. CRISPR-based genome editing has been successfully applied in various bacterial strains to combat AMR; however, this strategy has not yet been extensively explored in A. baumannii. This review provides detailed insight into the progress, current scenario, and future potential of CRISPR-Cas usage for AMR-related gene manipulation in A. baumannii.

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Section: Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms In a Baumanniimentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Based Gene Editing in Acinetobacter baumannii to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2023

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“…iii) Conjugative plasmids encoding MPFT transfer system. Though not very common, blaNDM has now been reported in A. baumannii in several countries 3,[27][28][29][30] . In this study, we found n=8 plasmids with no identifiable rep gene that encode the MPFT type conjugative transfer system 31 and carried the blaNDM metallo-beta-lactam carbapenem resistance gene (Table 6).…”

Section: Distribution Of Amr Genes In Plasmids With No Identifiable R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the role ofAcinetobacter baumanniiPlasmid Types in Disseminating Antimicrobial Resistance

Lam,

Hamidian

2023

Preprint

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Acinetobacter baumanniiis a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections with high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The spread of multidrug-resistantA. baumanniistrains, particularly those resistant to carbapenems, has become a global concern. Spread of AMR inA. baumanniiis primarily mediated by the acquisition of AMR genes through mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the role of different plasmid types in disseminating AMR genes is essential. In this study, we analysed the distribution of plasmid types, sampling sources, geographic locations, and AMR genes carried onA. baumanniiplasmids. A collection of 814 complete plasmid entries was collated and analysed. Most plasmids were identified in clinical isolates from East Asia, North America, South Asia, West Europe, and Australia.We previously devised anAcinetobacterPlasmid Typing (APT) scheme whererep/Rep types were defined using 95% nucleotide identity and updated the scheme in this study by adding 13 novelrep/Rep types (93 types total). The APT scheme now includes 178 Rep variants belonging to three families: R1, R3, and RP. R1-type plasmids were mainly associated with global clone 1 strains, while R3-type plasmids were highly diverse and carried a variety of AMR determinants including carbapenem, aminoglycoside and colistin resistance genes. Similarly, RP-type and rep-less plasmids were also identified as important carriers of aminoglycoside and carbapenem resistance genes. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the distribution and characteristics ofA. baumanniiplasmids, shedding light on their role in the dissemination of AMR genes. The updated APT scheme and novel findings enhance our understanding of the molecular epidemiology ofA. baumanniiand provide valuable insights for surveillance and control strategies.IMPORTANCEA. baumanniihas emerged as a major cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units, posing a substantial challenge to patient safety and healthcare systems. Plasmids, which carry antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, play a crucial role in the multidrug resistance exhibited byA. baumanniistrains, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of plasmid spread, and how to track them. This study provides important insights intoA. baumanniiplasmid epidemiology, and the extent of their role in spreading clinically significant AMR genes and how they are differentially distributed across different clones i.e. sequence types (STs) and geographical regions. These insights are important for identifying high-risk areas or clones implicated in plasmid transmission, in the context of the spread of multidrug-resistantA. baumanniistrains. It also highlights the involvement of R3-type, RP-type and rep-less plasmids in the acquisition and spread of significant AMR genes including those conferring resistance to carbapenems, aminoglycosides and colistin.

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“…Laouar et al in Algeria in 2019 found that the resistance of Acinetobacter baumanii strains to Imipenem evolved impressively over time. It increased from 26% in 2007 to 88.1% in 2016, while 57.1% of carbapenemase-producing strains came from intensive care units [11]. A study done by Ogbulu et al in Nigeria in 2020 showed very high resistance (55.2%) of Acinetobacter baumanii to carbapenems following which low activity was observed only for colistin and amikacin [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phenotypic Characterization and Prevalence of Carbapenemase-Producing <em>Acinetobacter baumanii </em>Isolates in Four Health Facilities in Cameroon<strong> </strong>

Djuikoue¹,

Benhamed²,

Djoulako³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Carbapenems have long been considered as treatment of choice for Gram-Negative Bacteria (GNB) infections, and today the clinical utility of this class is threatened by the emergence and spread of resistance favored by its increasing use. According to the WHO, Acinetobacter baumannii, nosocomial infection agent, tops the list of priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens, considered to be the most risky for humans. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii strains producing carbapenemases in four health facilities in the Center and Littoral regions of Cameroon and the associated risk factors. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a six-month period from January to June 2022. All Acinetobacter baumanii or suspected strains isolated from pathological samples at the bacteriology laboratory of different health facilities were systematically collected and underwent a re-identification. After successfully subculturing and growing on nutrient agar, re-identification and antimicrobial susceptibility Testing (AST) were performed using the VITEK 2 System and the Kirby-Bauer method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Detection and phenotypic characterization of carbapenemases was performed according to adequate standard procedures. A total of 168/226 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were confirmed after re-identification of which 52.69% came from male patients, and 55.09% from participants aged between 10-39 years old and 46.71% from pus samples. A very high resistance rates to all families of antibiotics was noted except to colistin (10.2%). About 40.12% of these strains produced carbapenemases with 62.69% of class B and 37.31% of class A. In addition, frequent hospitalisation was significantly associated to the production of carbapenemase among Acinetobacter baumanii (Ajusted-OR=16.53, P-value<0.0001). This study highlighted the emergence of carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii which is increasingly growing. Continuous drug-resistant monitoring and preventive measures could help to prevent and curb the dissemination of A.baumanii resistance genes, especially in hospital settings.

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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Algerian hospitals

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

CRISPR-Based Gene Editing in Acinetobacter baumannii to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

CRISPR-Based Gene Editing in Acinetobacter baumannii to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

Examining the role ofAcinetobacter baumanniiPlasmid Types in Disseminating Antimicrobial Resistance

Phenotypic Characterization and Prevalence of Carbapenemase-Producing <em>Acinetobacter baumanii </em>Isolates in Four Health Facilities in Cameroon<strong> </strong>

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