Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of clinical isolates Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in western Kenya

Onyango, Miruka David; Ghebremedhin, Beniam; Waindi, E.N.; Kakai, Rose; Rabsch, Wolfgang; König, Wolfgang; König, B.

doi:10.3855/jidc.610

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics is often mediated by enzymes that modify those drugs by acetylation, adenylation, or phosphorylation. The corresponding genes are often part of plasmids or transposons (Onyango et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance pattern among the Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat in India

Singh

Agarwal

Tiwari

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The present study was conducted to study the antibiotic resistance pattern among nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat. A total of 37 Salmonella strains isolated from clinical cases (human and animal) and meat during 2008-2009 belonging to 12 serovars were screened for their antimicrobial resistance pattern using 25 antimicrobial agents falling under 12 different antibiotic classes. All the Salmonella isolates tested showed multiple drug resistance varying from 5.40% to 100% with 16 of the 25 antibiotics tested. None of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and metronidazole. Resistance was also observed against clindamycin (94.59%), ampicillin (86.49%), co-trimoxazole (48.65%), colistin (45.94%), nalidixic acid (35.10%), amoxyclave (18.90%), cephalexin, meropenem, tobramycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, amoxicillin (8.10% each), sparfloxacin and streptomycin (5.40% each). Isolates from clinical cases of animals were resistant to as many as 16 antibiotics, whereas isolates from human clinical cases and meat were resistant to 9 and 14 antibiotics, respectively. Overall, 19 resistotypes were recorded. Analysis of multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) indicated that clinical isolates from animals had higher MARI (0.25) as compared to isolates from food (0.22) and human (0.21). Among the different serotypes studied for antibiogram, Paratyhi B isolates, showed resistance to three to 13 antibiotics, whereas Typhimurium strains were resistant to four to seven antibiotics. Widespread multidrug resistance among the isolates from human, animal and meat was observed. Some of the uncommon serotypes exhibited higher resistance rate. Considerable changes in the resistance pattern were also noted. An interesting finding was the reemergence of sensitivity to some of the old antibiotics (chloromphenicol, tetracycline).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance pattern among the Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat in India

Singh

Agarwal

Tiwari

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…In 2005 alone, nontyphoidal Salmonella contributed 89.39%, of SADs followed by typhoidal salmonellosis [11]. Recently, Salmonella-associated diarrhoea and fever was reported in Maseno, Kenya [12]. The severe disease has poor prognosis because of co-infection and co-endemicity with malaria [7,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of community-acquired Salmonella infections in patients attending public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria

Akinyemi

Oshundare

Oyeyinka

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: A retrospective cohort study on Salmonella-associated diseases (SADs) was conducted in 14 public hospitals across Lagos State, Nigeria, between 1999 and 2008. Methodology: Medical records of clinically diagnosed patients with confirmed Salmonella infections were reviewed for the 10-year period. Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever cases in all the hospitals were first based on Widal agglutination tests then followed by culture, while non-typhoidal Salmonella infections were based on culture technique. Results: A total of 85,187 confirmed cases of SADs were found, of which 880 deaths were recorded (case-fatality rate = 1.03% / 10 years). The mean incidence of SADs in Lagos State for the 10-year period was estimated at 45 cases per 100,000 persons/year, while that of typhoid fever alone was 16 cases per 100,000 persons/year. During the studied period, the number of deaths due to typhoid fever was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than deaths due to gastroenteritis except in 2003 and 2004. Risk associated with typhoidal deaths was 4 to 11 times greater when compared to gastroenteritis deaths between 2000 and 2002. Salmonella-associated diseases were most prevalent in adults 21 -to30 years of age (49.49%). Cases of patients with invasive Salmonella-associated gastroenteritis were observed mainly in children under five years of age. Conclusion: The current surveillance data indicated high incidence of SADs in areas exposed to environmental contaminations. This study revealed that infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovars are endemic in our environment thus poses a serious threat to public health. Constant public health education is essential to avert undue epidemics.

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“…Furthermore, the pvl gene, which is a virulence factor for severe staphylococcal infections, has also been associated with CA-MRSA [24]. Spa sequence typing can show clonality among S. aureus and has portability of data with absolute reproducibility which allows internet-based type assignment and worldwide comparison of isolates [25], [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Patients with Surgical Site Infections at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is progressively increasing globally with significant regional variation. Understanding the Staphylococcus aureus lineages is crucial in controlling nosocomial infections. Recent studies on S. aureus in Uganda have revealed an escalating burden of MRSA. However, the S. aureus genotypes circulating among patients are not known. Here, we report S. aureus lineages circulating in patients with surgical site infections (SSI) at Mulago National hospital, Kampala, Uganda.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 314 patients with SSI at Mulago National Hospital was conducted from September 2011 to April 2012. Pus swabs from the patients’ SSI were processed using standard microbiological procedures. Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA were identified using phenotypic tests and confirmed by PCR-detection of the nuc and mecA genes, respectively. SCCmec genotypes were determined among MRSA isolates using multiplex PCR. Furthermore, to determine lineages, spa sequence based-genotyping was performed on all S. aureus isolates.ResultsOf the 314 patients with SSI, S. aureus accounted for 20.4% (64/314), of which 37.5% (24/64) were MRSA. The predominant SCCmec types were type V (33.3%, 8/24) and type I (16.7%, 4/24). The predominant spa lineages were t645 (17.2%, 11/64) and t4353 (15.6%, 10/64), and these were found to be clonally circulating in all the surgical wards. On the other hand, lineages t064, t355, and t4609 were confined to the obstetrics and gynecology wards. A new spa type (t10277) was identified from MSSA isolate. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, cancer and inducible clindamycin resistance remained as independent predictors of MRSA-SSI.ConclusionSCCmec types I and V are the most prevalent MRSA mecA types from the patients’ SSI. The predominant spa lineages (t645 and t4353) are clonally circulating in all the surgical wards, calling for strengthening of infection control practices at Mulago National Hospital.

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Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of clinical isolates Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in western Kenya

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Antibiotic resistance pattern among the Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat in India

Antibiotic resistance pattern among the Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat in India

A retrospective study of community-acquired Salmonella infections in patients attending public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria

Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Patients with Surgical Site Infections at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda

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