Phenotypic and genetic parameters of body and compositional traits in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.)

Elvingson, Pontus; Nilsson, Jan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00732.x

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Color and associated carotenoid use in O. nerka appear under additive genetic control as has been reported in several other salmonid species Naevdal 1984, 1988;Iwamoto et al 1990;Elvingson and Nilsson 1994;Withler and Beacham 1994). The similar and intermediate color of both immature (flesh) and mature (skin) reciprocal hybrids indicates maternal or sex-linked effects were not important.…”

Section: Proximate Basis Of Adaptive Genetic Divergence In Carotenoidsupporting

confidence: 54%

Countergradient Variation and Secondary Sexual Color: Phenotypic Convergence Promotes Genetic Divergence in Carotenoid Use Between Sympatric Anadromous and Nonanadromous Morphs of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka)

2001

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Abstract. Genetically distinct anadromous (sockeye) and nonanadromous (kokanee) morphs of the Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, develop identical, brilliant red color at maturity during sympatric breeding in freshwater streams. The marine and lacustrine environments they occupy prior to maturity, however, appear to differ in the availability of dietary carotenoid pigments necessary to produce red coloration. We tested the hypothesis that kokanee, which occupy carotenoid-poor lakes, are more efficient at using the dietary pigments than are sockeye, which occupy the more productive North Pacific Ocean. In a 2-year controlled breeding study, flesh and skin color of mature and immature crosses fed a low-carotenoid diet were quantified with both a chromameter and by chemical extraction of carotenoid pigments. Results revealed striking countergradient variation in carotenoid use, with kokanee approximately three times more efficient at sequestering the pigments to the flesh musculature than similar age sockeye. This difference translated into virtually nonoverlapping differences between pure crosses in secondary sexual color at maturity, when the pigments are mobilized and transported to the skin. Kokanee crosses turned pinkish red over most of their body, whereas sockeye turned olive green. The olive green was similar to the breeding color of residuals in the wild, the progeny of anadromous sockeye that remain in fresh water and are believed to have given rise to kokanee on numerous independent occasions. Reciprocal hybrids were similar to each other and intermediate to the pure crosses, indicating additive genetic inheritance. Mate choice trials with sockeye males in the wild showed the ancestral morph strongly preferred red over green models. These results suggest a preference for red mates maintained in nonanadromous breeding populations drove the reevolution of the red phenotype in kokanee via more efficient use of dietary carotenoid pigments. This is a novel, yet hidden, mechanism by which sexual selection promotes the genetic differentiation of these sympatric populations.

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Section: Proximate Basis Of Adaptive Genetic Divergence In Carotenoidsupporting

confidence: 54%

Countergradient Variation and Secondary Sexual Color: Phenotypic Convergence Promotes Genetic Divergence in Carotenoid Use Between Sympatric Anadromous and Nonanadromous Morphs of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka)

2001

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“…Elvingson and Nilsson (1994) found that the largest genetic and environmental correlations are obtained between body weight and body length at 1.5-2.5 years. These correlations decreased as differences in weight and length increased with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits in a breeding program for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in China

Guo

Bai²,

Wang³

2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Genetic parameters and breeding values for growth traits were estimated in the first and, currently, the only family selective breeding program for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in China. Genetic and phenotypic data were collected for growth traits from 75 full-sibling families with a 2-generation pedigree. Genetic parameters and breeding values for growth traits of rainbow trout were estimated using the derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood method. The goodness-of-fit of the models was tested using Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated using the best-fit model for each trait. The values for heritability estimating body weight and length ranged from 0.20 to 0.45 and from 0.27 to 0.60, respectively, and the heritability of condition factor was 0.34. Our results showed a moderate degree of heritability for growth traits in this breeding program and suggested that the genetic and phenotypic tendency of body length, body weight, and condition factor were similar. Therefore, the selection of phenotypic values based on pedigree information was also suitable in this research population.

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“…Special efforts have been made in some generations to obtain data on flesh colour and other flesh quality parameters (for methods see Elvingson & Nilsson, 1994), mortalities following fungal infections (Nilsson, 1992b) and frequency of eye cataracts (Peuhkuri et al, 2009). Selection of parent fish has been based on individual and family merit for growth in each generation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heritability estimates and estimates of genetic correlations have been obtained for a number of compositional and body traits (Elvingson & Nilsson, 1994). Fat content, protein, and dry matter all showed low heritabilities, but a high and significant heritability (0.28) was obtained for flesh colour in terms of its astaxanthin content.…”

Section: Other Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Swedish Arctic charr breeding programme

2010

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Results and experiences from a selective breeding programme aiming at improving the performance of an Arctic charr strain in aquaculture are presented. The programme, which has been running since 1985, uses traditional quantitative genetic methods based on relatedness and trait measurements. Traits considered included growth, age at sexual maturity, flesh colour, fat content and other features. Estimates in the early phase of the programme showed promising heritabilities for most traits, e.g. growth heritabilities of 0.34-0.52, and suggested that improvement by selection was feasible. Several traits such as a high rate of early maturation and poor flesh colour that were considered problematic by the Arctic charr farming industry at the programme's start no longer hamper farming. Considerable improvement of growth by selection, estimated at 8% per generation, has contributed to shortening the production cycle in commercial farming. Results from studies of genotype-environment interactions are presented and discussed. Poor survival of fertilised eggs is a major problem in Swedish Arctic charr farming as indicated by presented survival rates. Efforts have consistently been made to avoid inbreeding in the selected strain, and at the present seventh generation the accumulated increase in inbreeding is estimated from pedigree data to be only approximately 5%.

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Phenotypic and genetic parameters of body and compositional traits in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.)

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Countergradient Variation and Secondary Sexual Color: Phenotypic Convergence Promotes Genetic Divergence in Carotenoid Use Between Sympatric Anadromous and Nonanadromous Morphs of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka)

Countergradient Variation and Secondary Sexual Color: Phenotypic Convergence Promotes Genetic Divergence in Carotenoid Use Between Sympatric Anadromous and Nonanadromous Morphs of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka)

Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits in a breeding program for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in China

The Swedish Arctic charr breeding programme

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