Phenotypic and functional characterization of earthworm coelomocyte subsets: Linking light scatter-based cell typing and imaging of the sorted populations

Engelmann, Péter; Hayashi, Yuya; Bodó, Kornélia; Ernszt, Dávid; Somogyi, Ildikó; Steib, Anita; Orbán, József; Pollák, Edit; Nyitrai, Miklós; Németh, Pèter; Molńar, László

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.017

Cited by 32 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Interestingly, rod cells, a type of vision cells located in human eyes are found in the skins of a variety of invertebrates ranging from echinodermata (e.g., starfish) and cnidaria (e.g., jellyfish) to annelida (e.g., earthworm), and mollusca (e.g., nautilus, snail, and octopi), enabling their skins to perceive the light. [ 9–17 ] In principle, the compact structure of rod cells, consisting of pigments (with strong sensitivity to external stimuli as a light filter), interdigital membranes (to sense light using a large surface area for efficient optoelectronic conversion as a light sensor), and an adjoining biological nervous system (for signal conduction), constitute an elegant skin vision system for rapid analysis and response ( Figure a). When surrounding light illuminates the rod cells in biological system, the light transmits through the light pigments, triggering biological responses within the interdigital membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bioinspired Wireless Epidermal Photoreceptor for Artificial Skin Vision

Zhang

Tao

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Skin vision can be found in many invertebrates, such as earthworms, jellyfish, and octopuses using light-sensitive rod cells in the skin. It enables optical perception and colorimetric responses, providing intriguing capabilities that human skin does not have. A bioinspired wireless, battery-free, artificial skin vision (ASV) device consisting of flexible optical and optoelectronic components which essentially mimic the hierarchical structures and biological functions of rod cells in a skin-like configuration for light sensing and signal processing is developed. The ASV device can collect sweat with integrated microfluidic channels and allow real-time measurement of on-skin fluids by monitoring the intrinsic optical properties via a customizable microprism light filter. The device also shows sensitive colorimetric responses to input stimulus at chosen detection wavelengths and demonstrates a capacity for in situ quantitative analysis of biomarkers in sweat through alternative colorimetric light filters. Multiple ASVs together create a body area network with a collection of wireless sensors that can work in parallel to acquire multidimensional human physiological signals and predict fitness variations using a specified deep learning neural network. The system has potential applications in biomimetic engineering, physiological monitoring, and intelligent personalized diagnostics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bioinspired Wireless Epidermal Photoreceptor for Artificial Skin Vision

Zhang

Tao

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Our results now confirm this observation in a different echinoderm species, and extend it by analyzing distinct coelomocyte types. Interestingly, immune cell type specific lectin binding patterns are not unique to sea urchin but have also been reported in earthworms where WGA strongly binds to amoebocytes but not to eleocytes [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will set the stage for detailed studies of their properties, development and function during immune responses that are currently impossible to conduct. Importantly, a recent flow cytometric analyses of earthworm coelomocytes included lectins to distinguish cell populations [ 23 ], highlighting the applicability of our approach for the analysis of invertebrate immune cell populations in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lectins identify distinct populations of coelomocytes in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Liao

Fugmann

2017

PLoS ONE

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Coelomocytes represent the immune cells of echinoderms, but detailed knowledge about their roles during immune responses is very limited. One major challenge for studying coelomocyte biology is the lack of reagents to identify and purify distinct populations defined by objective molecular markers rather than by morphology-based classifications that are subjective at times. Glycosylation patterns are known to differ significantly between cell types in vertebrates, and furthermore they can vary depending on the developmental stage and activation states within a given lineage. Thus fluorescently labeled lectins that recognize distinct glycan structures on cell surface proteins are routinely used to identify discrete cell populations in the vertebrate immune system. Here we now employed a panel of fifteen fluorescently-labeled lectins to determine differences in the glycosylation features on the surface of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus coelomocytes by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Eight of the lectins (succinylated wheat germ agglutinin, Len culinaris lectin, Pisum sativum agglutinin, Saphora japonica agglutinin, Solanum tuberosum lectin, Lycopersicon esculentum lectin, Datura stramonium lectin, Vicia villosa lectin) showed distinct binding patterns to fixed and live cells of three major coelomocyte classes: phagocytic cells, red spherule cells, and vibratile cells. Importantly, almost all lectins bound only to a subgroup of cells within each cell type. Lastly, we established fluorescently-labeled lectin-based fluorescence activated cell sorting as a strategy to purify distinct S. purpuratus coelomocyte (sub-)populations based on molecular markers. We anticipate that this will become a routine approach in future studies focused on dissecting the roles of different coelomocytes in echinoderm immunity.

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“…[17,18] Earthworm coelomocytes encompass two main subpopulations, the amebocytes and the eleocytes, that differ for morphology, cytochemistry, and gene expression profile. [19] Eleocytes are large cells filled with a substantial amount of chloragosomes (large granules containing fluorophores). Although their main function is nutritional (e.g., storage of glycogen and lipids), they also produce a number of bioactive molecules.…”

Section: (4 Of 25)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species

Boraschi

Alijagić

Auguste

et al. 2020

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The interaction of a living organism with external foreign agents is a central issue for its survival and adaptation to the environment. Nanosafety should be considered within this perspective, and it should be examined that how different organisms interact with engineered nanomaterials (NM) by either mounting a defensive response or by physiologically adapting to them. Herein, the interaction of NM with one of the major biological systems deputed to recognition of and response to foreign challenges, i.e., the immune system, is specifically addressed. The main focus is innate immunity, the only type of immunity in plants, invertebrates, and lower vertebrates, and that coexists with adaptive immunity in higher vertebrates. Because of their presence in the majority of eukaryotic living organisms, innate immune responses can be viewed in a comparative context. In the majority of cases, the interaction of NM with living organisms results in innate immune reactions that eliminate the possible danger with mechanisms that do not lead to damage. While in some cases such interaction may lead to pathological consequences, in some other cases beneficial effects can be identified.

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Phenotypic and functional characterization of earthworm coelomocyte subsets: Linking light scatter-based cell typing and imaging of the sorted populations

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

A Bioinspired Wireless Epidermal Photoreceptor for Artificial Skin Vision

A Bioinspired Wireless Epidermal Photoreceptor for Artificial Skin Vision

Lectins identify distinct populations of coelomocytes in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species

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