Phenotype, growth regulation and cytokine transcription in Ovine Herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2)-infected bovine T-cell lines

Schock, A.; Collins, Robert A.; Reid, H.W.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00187-1

Cited by 34 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These T cells contain OvHV-2 DNA and antigen [4,11,12] and can transmit MCF experimentally to rabbits and hamsters [13,14]. OvHV-2-positive T cell lines are constitutively and indiscriminately (non-MHC-restricted) cytotoxic and produce a range of cytokines, but not IL-2 [10,15]. Our current hypothesis is that MCF is due to indiscriminate tissue damage caused by dysregulated cytotoxic T cells generated as a consequence of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Differential Transcription of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Genes in Lymphocytes from Reservoir and Susceptible Species

et al. 2006

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Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is a lymphotropic gammaherpesvirus that asymptomatically infects most sheep, but causes malignant catarrhal fever in cattle, bison, pigs and deer. There is no permissive cell culture system but OvHV-2-infected T lymphocytes can be cultured from diseased animals. We showed that the OvHV-2 genome was in a circular conformation in sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells and that the latency-associated ORF73 was transcribed, while expression of the productive cycle genes ORF9 (DNA polymerase) and ORF50 (R-transactivator) was barely detectable, suggestive of latency. Doxorubicin treatment of these cells induced the appearance of linear viral DNA and transcription of productive cycle genes along with several viral unique genes. In contrast, cultured T cells from diseased cattle and rabbits contained a mixture of circular and linear genome configurations indicative of a mixture of latently- and productively-infected cells. Most of the OvHV-2 unique genes were transcribed in these cells but ORF50 expression was only seen after doxorubicin treatment indicating a 'leaky' latent pattern of gene expression. 5-azacytidine treatment increased the proportion of circular DNA and inhibited the expression of most of the OvHV-2 unique genes except Ov2.5 (vIL-10) and Ov4.5 (Bcl-2 homologue) in the cattle cell line. These studies provide key insights into the differences in OvHV-2 gene expression in cells from reservoir and susceptible species and, for the first time, an in vitro system for studying the latent and productive phases of the OvHV-2 virus life cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The BJ1035 line from an OvHV-2-infected cow has been described previously [11,15] and was the source of virus DNA for the OvHV-2 genome sequence. BJ2586 was derived from a rabbit that was inoculated with BJ1035-associated OvHV-2 and which developed MCF.…”

Section: Cells and Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Transcription of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Genes in Lymphocytes from Reservoir and Susceptible Species

et al. 2006

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“…Limited data from in vitro studies of cell lines derived from cattle and deer indicate that T lymphocytes may also be targets of infection in these two species (Burrells & Reid, 1991;Cook & Splitter, 1988;Schock et al, 1998). However, in affected animals, although viral DNA can be detected in circulating mononuclear cells and most tissues by PCR, the cellular site(s) of virus replication in vivo is unknown (Crawford et al, 1999b;Plowright, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The vascular lesions of a cow and bison with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever contain ovine herpesvirus 2-infected CD8+ T lymphocytes

Simon

O’Toole

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a herpesvirus disease syndrome of ruminants. The microscopic pathology of MCF is characterized by lymphoid proliferation and infiltration, necrotizing vasculitis and epithelial necrosis. Because previous attempts to detect viral antigen or nucleic acids in lesions have been unsuccessful, the pathogenesis of the lesions in acute MCF has been speculated to involve mechanisms of autoimmunity and lymphocyte dysregulation. In this study, the vascular lesions in the brains of a cow and a bison with acute MCF were evaluated by in situ PCR and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the predominant infiltrating cell type in these lesions was CD8+ T lymphocytes and that large numbers of these cells were infected with ovine herpesvirus 2. The lesions also contained macrophages, but no detectable CD4 + or B lymphocytes.

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“…While OvH-2 did not appear to contribute to clinical signs and lesions in the rhebok, the possibility that it influenced the onset of mycoplasmosis in some way cannot be completely excluded. OvH-2 has been shown under experimental conditions to modulate host immune responses, although it is not thought to be an immunosuppressive agent (26,36). The significance of the other gammaherpesvirus in two of the rhebok is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Disease in Vaal Rhebok ( Pelea capreolus ) Caused by Mycoplasmas in the Mycoides Cluster

Nicolas¹,

Stalis²,

Clippinger

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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In the winter of 2002, an outbreak of mycoplasma infection in Vaal rhebok (Pelea capreolus) originating from South Africa occurred 15 weeks after their arrival in San Diego, Calif. Three rhebok developed inappetence, weight loss, lethargy, signs related to pulmonary or arthral dysfunction, and sepsis. All three rhebok died or were euthanized. Primary postmortem findings were erosive tracheitis, pleuropneumonia, regional cellulitis, and necrotizing lymphadenitis. Mycoplasmas were detected in numerous tissues by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. The three deceased rhebok were coinfected with ovine herpesvirus-2, and two animals additionally had a novel gammaherpesvirus. However, no lesions indicative of herpesvirus were seen microscopically in any animal. The rheboks' mycoplasmas were characterized at the level of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region, and the fructose biphosphate aldolase gene. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was carried out to address the possibility of infection with multiple strains. Two of the deceased rhebok were infected with a single strain of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, and the third animal had a single, unique strain most closely related to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony. A PCR survey of DNA samples from 46 other ruminant species demonstrated the presence of several species of mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster, including a strain of M. capricolum subsp. capricolum identical to that found in two of the rhebok. These findings demonstrate the pervasiveness of mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster in small ruminants and the potential for interspecies transmission and disease when different animal taxa come in contact.Mycoplasmas of the mycoides cluster are pathogens of ruminants and comprise six closely related species that are subdivided into two subgroups based on genetic similarity. The capricolum subgroup includes Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, and Mycoplasma subsp. bovine group 7 (BG7). The mycoides subgroup consists of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony, and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony (45). All six species of the mycoides cluster can cause respiratory, arthral, genitourinary, or mammary disease, although significant hostand strain-related variation in virulence exists. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony and M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, the etiologies of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), respectively, are the most virulent and typically induce fatal systemic disease in their hosts. Other members of the mycoides cluster, while pathogenic, do not usually cause life-threatening illness and, instead, establish protracted infections that result in low levels of chronic inflammation (8, 37).Infection of sheep and goats with mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster occurs worldwide. The insidious nature of many of these infections al...

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Phenotype, growth regulation and cytokine transcription in Ovine Herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2)-infected bovine T-cell lines

Cited by 34 publications

References 44 publications

Differential Transcription of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Genes in Lymphocytes from Reservoir and Susceptible Species

Differential Transcription of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Genes in Lymphocytes from Reservoir and Susceptible Species

The vascular lesions of a cow and bison with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever contain ovine herpesvirus 2-infected CD8+ T lymphocytes

Systemic Disease in Vaal Rhebok ( Pelea capreolus ) Caused by Mycoplasmas in the Mycoides Cluster

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