Phenotype, Allele and Genotype Frequency of ABO and Rhesus D Blood Groups of Blood Donors at the North Gondar District Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Knowledge of the ABO and RhD group distribution is essential for blood banks inventory and assuring quality blood transfusion services. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of ABO and RhD phenotype, allele, and genotype among blood donors at North Gondar District Blood Bank from 2010 to 2012, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: The data of the current study were obtained from registration logbooks of blood donors registered. The ABO and RhD grouping was done by using commercially available monoclonal antibodies (anti-A, anti-B and anti-D) by slide methods. Results with no agglutination by anti-D antibody were confirmed using anti-human globulin test. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The allele and genotype frequency of the donors was determined by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumption. The difference between the observed and expected frequency was tested by online Chi-square calculator. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 6471 blood donors, 82.1%, 94.1% and 55.4% were males, replacement donors and in the age group of 21-30 years, respectively. Blood group O (47.04%) and blood group AB (4.81%) were the dominant and least common, respectively. The distribution of the RhD negative blood group was 5.76%. The distribution of A, B and O alleles was 0.1714, 0.1433 and 0.6859, respectively. Moreover, the genotype frequency of AA, AO, BB, BO, AB and OO was 0.0294, 0.2350, 0.0205, 0.1966, 0.0491 and 0.4704, respectively. The genotype frequency of DD, Dd and dd was 0.5774, 0.3649 and 0.0576, respectively. The result showed that there was no statistically significant difference between observed and expected allele and genotype frequency (P-value >0.05). Conclusion: Blood group O and AB were the most and least prevalent, respectively. The allele and genotype frequency of the population was fulfilled the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumption. This finding might be useful for blood transfusion services.

An Insight Into the Distribution of Allele Frequency of ABO and Rh (D) Blood Grouping System Among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chengalpattu District of South India

“…However, studies conducted in other countries reported a slightly higher proportion of female blood donors compared to Indian studies. Iyiola et al [ 7 ] from Nigeria reported 47.1% of female blood donors and Woldu et al [ 8 ] from Ethiopia reported 17.9% of female blood donors.…”

Distribution of ABO and Rh-D Blood Group Antigens Among Blood Donors in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

“… 1 , 10–15 The proportion of the “O” blood group ranged from 21.67% 16 to 47.04%. 15 On the other hand, the “AB” blood group was the least prevalent blood group type, which ranged from 2.87% 12 to 24.7%. 16 The Rh-D positive blood group was the most common, accounting for 92.77% 11 to 60.13% of the population.…”

Phenotypic and Allelic Frequency of ABO and Rh (D) Blood Group among Whole Blood Donors in a Teaching Hospital of Chhattisgarh

“…On comparing allele frequencies of different studies world-wide [24,25,[29][30][31][32], we found that allele frequency of I O in ABO & I D in Rh blood group system is highest across the world (Table 6). Thus our findings are similar to other studies.…”

“…We compared ABO & Rh (D) distribution across different states of India [3,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] ( The distribution of ABO blood group varies across neighbouring [21][22][23] & other countries [24][25][26][27][28] of the world as seen in Table 5. In India O & B phenotypes are common; whereas in America [27] & Europe [28] O & A phenotypes are common.…”