Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe

Trechera, Pedro; Garcia-Marlès, Meritxell; Liu, Xiansheng; Reche, Cristina; Pérez, Noemí; Savadkoohi, Marjan; Beddows, David C. S.; Salma, Imre; Vörösmarty, Máté; Casans, Andrea; Casquero-Vera, Juan Andrés; Hüglin, Christoph; Marchand, Nicolas; Chazeau, Benjamin; Gille, Grégory; Kalkavouras, Panayiotis; Mihalopoulos, Nikos; Ondráček, Jakub; Zikova, Nadia; Niemi, Jarkko V.; Manninen, Hanna E.; Green, David C.; Tremper, Anja H.; Norman, Michael; Vratolis, Stergios; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos; Gómez-Moreno, Francisco J.; Alonso‐Blanco, Elisabeth; Gerwig, Holger; Wiedensohler, Alfred; Weinhold, Kay; Merkel, Maik; Bastian, Susanne; Petit, Jean-Eudes; Favez, Olivier; Crumeyrolle, S.; Ferlay, Nicolas; Santos, Sebastiao Martins Dos; Putaud, Jean‐Philippe; Timonen, Hilkka; Lampilahti, Janne; Asbach, Christof; Wolf, Carmen; Kaminski, Heinz; Altuğ, Hicran; Hoffmann, Barbara; Rich, David Q.; Pandolfi, Marco; Harrison, Roy M.; Hopke, Philip K.; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka; Alastuey, Andrés; Querol, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107744

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Despite comprising only 2.4% of Tehran's vehicle fleet, diesel vehicles contribute significantly, accounting for more than 41%, 64%, and 85% of the NOx, SOx, and PM emissions, respectively 41 . Moderate-low to moderate-high correlations between PNC and NO and NO 2 were similarly reported for both urban (R 2 = 0.27 and 0.35, respectively) and traffic-oriented stations (R 2 = 0.70 and 0.63 for NO and NO 2 , respectively) across European countries 64 . The mean PNC values and R 2 values for PNC-NOx correlations from other studies are detailed in Table 3 , demonstrating consistently elevated levels in metropolitan areas and proximity to highways.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

The relative contributions of traffic and non-traffic sources in ultrafine particle formations in Tehran mega city

Jafarigol,

Yousefi,

Darvishi Omrani

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Emissions of ultrafine particles (UFPs; diameter < 100 nm) are strongly associated with traffic-related emissions and are a growing global concern in urban environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations of particle number concentration (PNC) with a diameter > 10 nm at nine stations and understand the major sources of UFPs (primary vs. secondary) in Tehran megacity. The study was carried out in Tehran in 2020. NOx and PNC were reported from a total of nine urban site locations in Tehran and BC concentrations were examined at two monitoring stations. Data from all stations showed diurnal changes with peak morning and evening rush hours. The hourly PNC was correlated with NOx. PNCs in Tehran were higher compared to those of many cities reported in the literature. The highest concentrations were at District 19 station (traffic) and the lowest was at Punak station (residential) such that the average PNC varied from 8.4 × 103 to 5.7 × 104 cm−3. In Ray and Sharif stations, the average contributions of primary and secondary sources of PNC were 67 and 33%, respectively. Overall, we conclude that a decrease in primary emission leads to a decrease in the total concentration of aerosols, despite an increase in the formation of new particles by photo nucleation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

The relative contributions of traffic and non-traffic sources in ultrafine particle formations in Tehran mega city

Jafarigol,

Yousefi,

Darvishi Omrani

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…4.2, however still lower than the highest values simulated bySaha et al (2021). The difference might be due to the fact that UFP concentrations are a subset of PNCs Trechera et al (2023). analysed observations of PNCs and UFP concentrations in Europe from 2017 to 2019, focusing on daily and seasonal patterns, UFP drivers and regional trends.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Numerical simulation and evaluation of global ultrafine particle concentrations at the Earth's surface

Kohl¹,

Lelieveld²,

Chowdhury³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. A new global dataset of annual averaged ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations at the Earth's surface has been developed through numerical simulations using the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model (EMAC). Size distributions of emitted particles from the contributing source sectors have been derived based on literature reports. The model results of UFP concentrations are evaluated using particle size distribution and particle number concentration measurements from available datasets and the literature. While we obtain reasonable agreement between the model results and observations (logarithmic scale correlation of r = 0.76 for non-remote, polluted regions), the highest values of observed, street-level UFP concentrations are systematically underestimated, whereas in rural environments close to urban areas the model generally overestimates observed UFP concentrations. As the relatively coarse global model does not resolve concentration gradients in urban centres and industrial UFP hotspots, high-resolution data of anthropogenic emissions is used to account for such differences in each model grid box, obtaining UFP concentrations with unprecedented 0.1° x 0.1° horizontal resolution at the Earth's surface. This observation-guided downscaling further improves the agreement with observations, leading to an increase of the logarithmic scale correlation between observed and simulated UFP concentrations to r = 0.84 in polluted environments (and 0.95 in all regions), a decrease of the root mean squared logarithmic error (from 0.57 to 0.43), and removes discrepancies associated with air quality and population density gradients within the model grid boxes. Model results are made publicly available for studies on public health and other impacts of atmospheric UFPs, and for intercomparison with other regional and global models and datasets.

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“…The term "nanoparticle" is usually used for manufactured particles, while "ultrafine" is outdoor or indoor aerosols of a similar size. Furthermore, because most of the total PNC is accounted for by UFPs in urban areas (84 ± 3.7 % as average and standard deviation of 27 datasets in Europe, Trechera et al, 2023), the terms PNC and UFP are used in many studies as equivalents. Thus, PNC and UFP are not actually equivalents, but PNC is used as a surrogate for true UFP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the above considerations, the last WHO Air Quality Guidelines did not set up specific guidelines for PNC (or UFP), but recommended the long-term measurements of these variables with harmonized measurement protocols to better evaluate the convenience of such specific guidelines for UFP (WHO, 2021b). Alternatively, CEN (2020), ACTRIS (2021), RI-URBANS (2022) and Trechera et al (2023) suggest the measurement of total PNCs with at least a finer size detection limit of nm (50 % efficiency) and PNSD measurements in the range of 10 to nm. PNC in the range of <10 nm might be high, but measuring this fraction is complex, and it is also recommended by ACTRIS (2021) and RI-URBANS (2022) in areas where nucleation mode particles are expected to be high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it could be expected from its origin, photochemical nucleation is characterised by PNSD peaking at the finest sizes, followed by harbours and airports, typically with a prevailing Nucleation mode, see for example Rivas et al (2020) and Stacey et al (2020). Traffic exhaust emissions typically result in two major modes at 30-35 nm and 60-80 nm (Hopke et al, 2022), but also a major fraction of very small particles (smaller than 30 nm in diameter) (Trechera et al, 2023). The remaining aforementioned sources (urban and regional background, long range transport and domestic heating) are characterised by modes close to or coarser than 100 nm, according to the above references.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inter-Annual Trends of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Europe

Garcia-Marlès,

Lara,

Reche

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe

Cited by 24 publications

References 85 publications

The relative contributions of traffic and non-traffic sources in ultrafine particle formations in Tehran mega city

The relative contributions of traffic and non-traffic sources in ultrafine particle formations in Tehran mega city

Numerical simulation and evaluation of global ultrafine particle concentrations at the Earth's surface

Inter-Annual Trends of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Europe

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