Phenomenology of Depression in Children and Adolescents

Mitchell, J. R.; McCauley, Elizabeth; Burke, Patrick; Moss, Sheila J.

doi:10.1097/00004583-198801000-00004

Cited by 208 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our findings about similarities between dysthymic patients with and without GAD do not confirm data from other studies about comorbidity between episodic depressions with or without anxiety disorders in children and adolescents [4,13,14]. These previous studies have found that subjects with comorbid anxiety and major depressive disorder are different from subjects with only one disorder with respect to age, severity, and outcome.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Concurrent depression and anxiety were associated with more symptoms [5], a higher number of abnormal premorbid personality traits, such as neuroticism and social isolation [11], and a family history of GAD and alcohol abuse [12]. Comorbidity between depressive and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents was associated with an increased severity of depression [13], anxiety [14], and both syndromes [4]. Children with comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders were reported to be older and to have more severe anxiety symptomatology than children with anxiety disorder alone [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anxiety Comorbidity in Referred Children and Adolescents with Dysthymic Disorder

et al. 2001

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Anxiety disorders are common in patients with depressive disorders. This preliminary study investigated some clinical correlates of comorbidity between dysthymic disorder (DD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a clinically referred sample of children and adolescents. After psychiatric evaluation, including a diagnostic clinical interview (DICA-R), 51 patients (25 males and 26 females, mean age 13.1 years) with an index diagnosis of DD associated with GAD were compared with 22 patients (13 males and 9 females, mean age 12.9 years) diagnosed as having pure DD. The comparison between subjects (DD with or without GAD) regarding the number of depressive symptoms did not show a significant main effect of group. Suicidal ideation was significantly more frequent in the group with comorbid GAD. Internalizing disorders were more frequent in the group of DD with GAD, while externalizing disorders were more frequent in the group without GAD. Functional impairment, assessed with the Children’s Global Assessment Scale, did not show significant differences between the two groups. Data are discussed in the light of conceptualizations about the relationship between chronic anxiety and depressive disorders.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety Comorbidity in Referred Children and Adolescents with Dysthymic Disorder

et al. 2001

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“…As a result, parental intervention may be preventing internalizing disorders from affecting treatment adherence in the younger age-group. Furthermore, internalizing disorders are also different in nature during adolescence compared with childhood, and this may play a role as well (32,33). For example, psychomotor retardation as a symptom of depression is more common in older adolescents than in younger children (34).…”

Section: Garrison Katon and Richardsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Psychiatric Comorbidities on Readmissions for Diabetes in Youth

2005

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OBJECTIVE—Comorbid psychiatric disorders have been associated with poorer disease outcomes in diabetic youth. Less is known, however, about the relationship between psychiatric disorders and repeat hospitalizations for youth with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Pediatric Health Information System, which included detailed discharge data from 37 noncompeting children’s hospitals in the U.S. Using logistic regression, we examined whether the presence of coded diagnoses for internalizing or externalizing disorders at an index hospitalization for diabetes was associated with increased risk for rehospitalization during follow-up (duration of follow-up ranged from 3 to 24 months). The analysis was stratified by age-groups, and we controlled for potential confounders including sex, age, race/ethnicity, type 1 versus type 2 diabetes, Medicaid status, intensive care unit utilization, length of stay during index admission, and duration of follow-up. RESULTS—Among adolescents aged 13–18, internalizing disorders were associated with significantly increased odds of rehospitalization (odds ratio 1.79 [95% CI 1.27–2.52]); the point estimate for externalizing disorders was similar, but the finding was not statistically significant at the α = 0.05 level (1.74 [0.96–3.15]). No significant association between psychiatric diagnoses and odds of repeat hospitalization was observed in diabetic children aged 5–12 years. CONCLUSIONS—Internalizing disorders are associated with increases in repeat hospitalizations for diabetes among adolescents. Future research is needed to explore the reasons for this finding, such as degree to which treatment nonadherence mediates this relationship and whether appropriate treatment of internalizing disorders results in improved diabetes outcomes and decreased readmissions.

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“…They hypothesize that there may well be a biological underpinning of personality and temperament which could influence the psychiatric outcome. Mitchell et al [1988] reported that subjects with combined depression and anxiety were more severely depressed than those with major depression alone. There was a strong relationship between separation anxiety and depression in children and adolescents, irrespective of age or gender.…”

Section: Comorbidity Between Affective Disorders Running True To Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Classification in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: The Case of Unipolar Affective Disorder

Kolvin

Trowell²

2002

Psychopathology

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Child and adolescent psychiatric classification is a broad domain in which the consideration of a developmental and longitudinal approach is essential. Some of the key issues involved are reviewed in this paper by focusing attention on childhood affective disorders, which are important both clinically and epidemiologically. It has been argued and demonstrated by Kovacs that in contrast to adults, children may not be capable of experiencing or reporting the symptoms thought to be representative of major depressive disorder. Nor may they be able to give an account of their duration. Hence, the pattern of manifested depressive symptoms is likely to vary according to age and stage of development of the child and young adolescent, and this is probably related to concept and language development. Further, distress and negative affect may be expressed by externalising symptomatology, especially in the pre-school years. The complexity of multiple depressive disorders, their coexistence and comorbidity with anxiety disorders needs to be studied further, employing whenever possible a developmental perspective and a longitudinal design.

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Phenomenology of Depression in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 208 publications

References 25 publications

Anxiety Comorbidity in Referred Children and Adolescents with Dysthymic Disorder

Anxiety Comorbidity in Referred Children and Adolescents with Dysthymic Disorder

The Impact of Psychiatric Comorbidities on Readmissions for Diabetes in Youth

Diagnosis and Classification in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: The Case of Unipolar Affective Disorder

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