Phenomenological studies on structure and elemental composition of nanosecond and femtosecond laser-generated aerosols with implications on laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Glaus, Reto; Kaegi, Rälf; Krumeich, Frank; Günther, Detlef

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2010.07.005

Cited by 71 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that fs laser ablation produces different types of particles (agglomerates and spheres) that can have different aerodynamic size and variable isotopic composition [85][86][87]. A matrix effect arises if these particles are discriminated against each other [85][86][87]. Our systematic investigation of the influence of laser energy density on the precision and accuracy of Si isotope ratios (see section 3.1.2) indeed suggests that generation of large particles by a focused laser beam at high laser fluence has negative effects on the precision of isotope ratio measurements (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing the limits of micro-scale analyses of Si stable isotopes by femtosecond laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with application to rock weathering

Schuessler

Blanckenburg

2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Abstract. An analytical protocol for accurate in-situ Si stable isotope analysis has been established on a new second-generation custom-built femtosecond laser ablation system. The laser was coupled to a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (fsLA-MC-ICP-MS). We investigated the influence of laser parameters such as spot size, laser focussing, energy density and repetition rate, and ICP-MS operating conditions such as ICP mass load, spectral and nonspectral matrix effects, signal intensities, and data processing on precision and accuracy of Si isotope ratios. We found that stable and reproducible ICP conditions were obtained by using He as aerosol carrier gas mixed with Ar/H2O before entering the plasma. Precise  29 Si and  30 Si values (better than ±0.23‰, 2SD) can be obtained if the area ablated is at least 50 x 50 µm; or, alternatively, for the analysis of geometric features down to the width of the laser spot (about 20 µm) if an equivalent area is covered. Larger areas can be analysed by rastering the laser beam, whereas small single spot analyses reduce the attainable precision of  30 Si to ca. ±0.6 ‰, 2SD, for <30 µm diameter spots. It was found that focussing the laser beam beneath the sample surface with energy densities between 1 and 3.8 J/cm² yields optimal analytical conditions for all materials investigated here. Using pure quartz (NIST 8546 aka. NBS-28) as measurement standard for calibration (standard-sample-bracketing) did result in accurate and precise data of international reference materials and samples covering a wide range in chemical compositions (Si single crystal IRMM-017, basaltic glasses KL2-G, BHVO-2G and BHVO-2, andesitic glass ML3B-G, rhyolitic glass ATHO-G, diopside glass JER, soda-lime glasses NIST SRM 612 and 610, San Carlos olivine). No composition-dependent matrix effect was discernible within uncertainties of the method. The method was applied to investigate the Si isotope signature of rock weathering at the micro-scale in a corestone sampled from a highly weathered roadcut profile in the tropical Highlands of Sri Lanka. The results show that secondary weathering products accumulated in cracks and grain boundaries are isotopically lighter than their unweathered plagioclase host, consistent with isotopically heavy dissolved Si found in rivers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the limits of micro-scale analyses of Si stable isotopes by femtosecond laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with application to rock weathering

Schuessler

Blanckenburg

2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…However, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of deposits reveal the presence of particles considerably larger than 100 nm, particularly if LA is performed in argon or ambient atmosphere using energy densities well above the LA threshold (1 J/cm 2 ). 19 Coexisting processes that can form such particles are, e.g., coalescence or aggregation of already solidified particles. On the other hand, phase explosion could act as a single source of both smaller and larger particles because it frees a mixture of vapor and droplets.…”

Section: 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the State-of-the-Art of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

2011

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This paper is a review of the basic principles and recent developments of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as a method for the element-and isotope-selective trace analysis of solid materials. In the course of this review, the aerosol formation/transportation process, quantification issues, as well as technical aspects concerning the system configuration and ICP operating conditions are outlined. Furthermore, the performance of femtosecond (fs) LA-based analyses as one of the most important advancements made over the past years is discussed. The benefits offered by fs-LA in comparison to LA using nanosecond (ns) laser sources are demonstrated on the basis of oxide layer and silicate glass analyses with different applied calibration strategies.

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“…Glaus et al . () investigated the morphology of aerosols from ns‐ and fs‐LAs using different matrices and laser fluences. They observed different ablation mechanisms and particle formation mechanisms for both laser types, but similar morphologies of fs‐LA‐generated aerosols for nonconducting materials (glass and zircon), metallic samples (steel and brass) and semiconductors (sulfides).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ablation Characteristic of Ilmenite using UV Nanosecond and Femtosecond Lasers: Implications for Non‐Matrix‐Matched Quantification

Günther

et al. 2016

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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Ilmenite (FeTiO3) is a common accessory mineral and has been used as a powerful petrogenetic indicator in many geological settings. Elemental fractionation and matrix effects in ilmenite (CRN63E‐K) and silicate glass (NIST SRM 610) were investigated using 193 nm ArF excimer nanosecond (ns) laser and 257 nm femtosecond (fs) laser ablation systems coupled to an inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer. The concentration‐normalised 57Fe and 49Ti responses in ilmenite were higher than those in NIST SRM 610 by a factor of 1.8 using fs‐LA. Compared with the 193 nm excimer laser, smaller elemental fractionation was observed using the 257 nm fs laser. When using 193 nm excimer laser ablation, the selected range of the laser energy density had a significant effect on the elemental fractionation in ilmenite. Scanning electron microscopy images of ablation craters and the morphologies of the deposited aerosol materials showed more melting effects and an enlarged particle deposition area around the ablation site of the ns‐LA‐generated crater when compared with those using fs‐LA. The ejected material around the ns crater predominantly consisted of large droplets of resolidified molten material; however, the ejected material around the fs crater consisted of agglomerates of fine particles with ‘rough' shapes. These observations are a result of the different ablation mechanisms for ns‐ and fs‐LAs. Non‐matrix‐matched calibration was applied for the analysis of ilmenite samples using NIST SRM 610 as a reference material for both 193 nm excimer LA‐ICP‐MS and fs‐LA‐ICP‐MS. Similar analytical results for most elements in ilmenite samples were obtained using both 193 nm excimer LA‐ICP‐MS at a high laser energy density of 12.7 J cm−2 and fs‐LA‐ICP‐MS.

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Phenomenological studies on structure and elemental composition of nanosecond and femtosecond laser-generated aerosols with implications on laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Cited by 71 publications

References 33 publications

Testing the limits of micro-scale analyses of Si stable isotopes by femtosecond laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with application to rock weathering

Testing the limits of micro-scale analyses of Si stable isotopes by femtosecond laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with application to rock weathering

Review of the State-of-the-Art of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Ablation Characteristic of Ilmenite using UV Nanosecond and Femtosecond Lasers: Implications for Non‐Matrix‐Matched Quantification

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