Phenomenological Aspects of the Alcoholic “Blackout”

Goodwin, Donald W.; Crane, John S.; Guze, Samuel B.

doi:10.1192/bjp.115.526.1033

Cited by 117 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Both high and low doses of alcohol impaired recognition memory compared to the placebo. Numerous methodologically diverse studies have assessed the effects of alcohol on recognition memory and findings have been mixed with some studies demonstrating impairments (Parker et al 1976;Ryback 1971) whereas others have not (Goodwin et al 1969;Hashtroudi et al 1984). The current findings suggest that alcohol at moderate doses can impair recognition memory when assessed a week after encoding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Acute effects of alcohol on the development of intrusive memories

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Acute effects of alcohol on the development of intrusive memories

et al. 2009

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“…Drinkers seeking alcohol's positively reinforcing effects (i.e., those reporting enhancement motives) may not simply drink in larger overall quantities, but may drink faster or in larger sips, a style of drinking that may place them at greater risk for blackouts (Goodwin, 1995;Goodwin et al, 1969;Perry et al, 2006). The increased risk for social/ interpersonal problems among those reporting higher enhancement motives may be a result of the contexts in which enhancement-motivated drinking takes place.…”

Section: Enhancement Motivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Motives in the Prospective Prediction of Unique Alcohol-Related Consequences in College Students

Merrill

Wardell

Read

2014

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

215

180

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Although college students experience a diverse range of alcohol consequences, most studies focus on global, rather than distinct, consequence types. One predictor of unique consequencesdrinking motives-has been studied only cross-sectionally. We aimed to examine the prediction of unique alcohol consequence domains (social/ interpersonal, academic/occupational, risky behavior, impaired control, poor self-care, diminished self-perception, blackout drinking, and physiological dependence) by coping and enhancement motives over the course of one year. We hypothesized that coping motives would directly predict and that enhancement motives would indirectly (through alcohol use) predict unique consequences. Method: Web surveys were administered to a sample of college students (n = 552, 62% female) at the beginning of the fall semester for 2 consecutive academic years. Structural equation modeling was used to test direct and indirect paths from motives to consequences. Results: The data supported hypothesized direct, prospective paths from coping motives to several alcohol consequences (impaired control, diminished self-perception, poor self-care, risky behaviors, academic/occupational, and physiological dependence). These associations were not mediated by alcohol consumption. Enhancement motives were indirectly associated with all eight consequence domains by way of increased alcohol use at follow-up. Models were invariant across gender, year in school, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Conclusions: Findings suggest that whether motives act as a fi nal common pathway to problem drinking may depend on which motives and which drinking outcomes are examined. As coping motives demonstrate a direct link to unique alcohol problem types over time, individuals endorsing these motives may need to be prioritized for intervention. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 93-102, 2014)

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“…(Kalant, 1996;White, 2003). Germane to this is the work by Goodwin and colleagues (Goodwin, Crane, & Guze, 1969;Goodwin, Othmer, Halikas, & Freeman, 1970), who presented their participants with different stimuli while they had been drinking considerable amounts of alcohol (i.e. 16-18 oz of bourbon within 4 hours, resulting in BACs up to 0.28%).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Alcohol on Crime‐related Memories: A Field Study

Oorsouw

Merckelbach

2011

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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This field study investigated to what extent memory of criminally relevant details is affected at (close to) zero (M BAC = 0.00%), moderate (M BAC = 0.06%), and high (M BAC = 0.16%) levels of alcohol intoxication. Participants (N = 76) were approached in bars and were invited to watch a mock crime from a perpetrator perspective. We also measured their blood alcohol concentration levels. After 3-5 days, when participants were sober, they underwent a free and cued recall task about the mock crime. Compared with sober controls, both moderately and highly intoxicated individuals were less complete when recollecting crime details, recalling up to 33% fewer correct details. Overall, intoxicated participants were less accurate during the cued recall task (i.e. they produced more errors) relative to sober participants. These accuracy effects were dose-dependent for cued recall of salient features. Implications for police interrogations of defendants are discussed.

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Phenomenological Aspects of the Alcoholic “Blackout”

Cited by 117 publications

References 9 publications

Acute effects of alcohol on the development of intrusive memories

Acute effects of alcohol on the development of intrusive memories

Drinking Motives in the Prospective Prediction of Unique Alcohol-Related Consequences in College Students

The Effects of Alcohol on Crime‐related Memories: A Field Study

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