“…Although significant advances made with certain genera, such as Cypripedium L., have resulted in successful large‐scale horticultural production and in situ/ex situ conservation efforts, information related to many genera, including Spiranthes Rich., is scattered or remains unpublished (Steele, 1996 ; Seaton et al, 2013 ). Like other orchids, Spiranthes species can be considered “exceptional” (i.e., they cannot be conserved long‐term using conventional seed banking methods or require special handling and conditions for germination) due to the laboratory requirements for propagation of the dust‐like seeds, unknown seed desiccation tolerance and lifespan, and variable natural seed production in some species resulting from a variety of factors (Reddoch and Reddoch, 2009 ; Pence et al, 2022 ). Therefore, studies that result in baseline, reproducible propagation protocols for Spiranthes would be of use to horticulturists, conservationists, restoration biologists, seed scientists, citizen scientists, and others interested in applied orchid and exceptional species conservation.…”