Phenology of Winter Moth Feeding on Common Heather: Effects of Source Population and Experimental Manipulation of Hatch Dates

Kerslake, J. E.; Hartley, Susan

doi:10.2307/5983

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Larval development at harvest on 19 June 1994, was described by a development index (Kerslake & Hartley, 1997), calculated for each feeding bag as follows :…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also agrees with the predictions of Landsberg & Smith (1992), that increasing CO # is unlikely to have a strong effect on the probability of outbreak of a generalist univoltine leaf-chewing insect such as O. brumata, particularly on a slow-growing host, rich in C-based secondary defence compounds, such as C. vulgaris. Even if it is assumed that future long-term exposure of C. vulgaris to rising CO # levels will eventually produce a small reduction in tissue N concentration (Bazzaz, 1990), it is probable that compensatory feeding will buffer O. brumata development against such a change (Watt et al, 1995 ;Kerslake & Hartley, 1997). These results imply that the O. brumata-C. vulgaris system is unlikely to respond strongly or rapidly to future changes in CO # concentrations.…”

Section: Performance Of O Brumata On Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen-enrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen enrichment on a plant–insect interaction: the quality of Calluna vulgaris as a host for Operophtera brumata

Kerslake

Woodin

Hartley³

1998

New Phytologist

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Calluna vulgaris L. (Hull) is not one of the usual hosts of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata L., but outbreaks have caused extensive damage to heather moorland in Scotland in recent years. This study investigated the potential role of environmental change in such outbreaks by rearing O. brumata larvae on C. vulgaris plants grown in open‐top chambers for 20 months with enriched CO2 (600 ppm) and nitrogen supply (average 52·5 kg N ha−1 yr−1) in factorial combination. This prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 caused no change in shoot growth, photosynthesis or foliar C∶N ratio of C. vulgaris, even with increased N supply, indicating that the absence of response was not due to N limitation. Increased N supply itself resulted in increased shoot growth and a decrease in tissue C∶N ratio. Phenolic content did not change in response to either CO2 or N enrichment, contrary to the predictions of the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis. In line with the absence of plant response, there was no effect of CO2 on the development of Operophtera brumata on C. vulgaris, and so continued increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is unlikely to affect directly O. brumata outbreaks on heather moorland. Operophtera brumata showed increased larval development, growth rate and pupal weight on N‐treated plants, correlated both to the decrease in foliar C∶N ratio, and to the increase in shoot extension which was predictive of survivorship. Thus, increased atmospheric N deposition, or increased rates of mineralization in a warmer environment, might increase the severity of O. brumata outbreaks on C. vulgaris. Since the combination of high N availability and disturbance of heather canopy by herbivory is known to result in increased dominance of grasses, it is suggested that this could lead to further degradation of moorland in upland Britain.

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“…Larval development at harvest on 19 June 1994, was described by a development index (Kerslake & Hartley, 1997), calculated for each feeding bag as follows :…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Of O Brumata On Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen-enrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen enrichment on a plant–insect interaction: the quality of Calluna vulgaris as a host for Operophtera brumata

Kerslake

Woodin

Hartley³

1998

New Phytologist

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“…Further, variation in phenological synchrony of insects and host plant populations has been shown to affect spatial structure (Rodriguez et al 1994) and size of insect populations (Kerslake and Hartley 1997;Hunter and Elkington 2000). By contrast, the effects of variation in phenological synchrony on plant populations have rarely been examined (Russell and Louda 2004).…”

Section: Phenological Synchrony-modified Effects Of Herbivore Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect interaction between two native thistles mediated by an invasive exotic floral herbivore

Russell

Louda

2005

Oecologia

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., "Indirect interaction between two native thistles mediated by an invasive exotic floral herbivore" (2005). Faculty Publications in the Biological Sciences. 58. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscifacpub/58 AbstractSpatial and temporal variation in insect floral herbivory is common and often important. Yet, the determinants of such variation remain incompletely understood. Using 12 years of flowering data and 4 years of biweekly insect counts, we evaluated four hypotheses to explain variation in damage by the Eurasian flower head weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, to the native North American wavyleaf thistle, Cirsium undulatum. The four factors hypothesized to influence weevil impact were variations in climate, weevil abundance, phenological synchrony, and number of flower heads available, either on wavyleaf thistle or on the other co-occurring, acquired native host plant (Platte thistle, Cirsium canescens), or on both. Climate did not contribute significantly to an explanation of variation in R. conicus damage to wavyleaf thistle. However, climate did influence weevil synchrony with wavyleaf flower head initiation, and phenological synchrony was important in determining R. conicus oviposition levels on wavyleaf thistle. The earlier R. conicus was active, the less it oviposited on wavyleaf thistle, even when weevils were abundant. Neither weevil abundance nor availability of wavyleaf flower heads predicted R. conicus egg load. Instead, the strongest predictor of R. conicus egg load on wavyleaf thistle was the availability of flower heads on Platte thistle, the more common, earlier flowering native thistle in the sand prairie. Egg load on wavyleaf thistle decreased as the number of Platte thistle flower heads at a site increased. Thus, wavyleaf thistle experienced associational defense in the presence of flowering by its now declining native congener, Platte thistle. These results demonstrate that prediction of damage to a native plant by an exotic insect may require knowledge of both likely phenological synchrony and total resource availability to the herbivore, including resources provided by other nontarget native species.

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“…This evidence suggests that herbivore emergence does not always synchronize well with host plant phenology. Therefore, synchronization with host plant phenology is a critical event for herbivores, because a time lag in the synchronization determines the quality and quantity of available food resources and the abundance of herbivore individuals (see also Kerslake and Hartley 1997). In particular, insects primarily attacking young foliage and active early in the season are sensitive to phenological variation among plants while herbivores primarily attacking mature foliage later in the season are not (Fox et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronization of gallers with host plant phenology

2000

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In addition to various bottom-up effects, the synchronization of herbivores with their host plant phenology determines quality and quantity of food resources and affects the preference-performance linkage and abundance of herbivores. The synchronization has a more critical meaning for such short-lived galling insects as cecidomyiid adults and young aphid stem mothers than for other insects. This review, first, presents general information about gall midges and gall aphids, together with their life history patterns and some ecological attributes. Second, some important topics of galling insect-host plant relation are briefly reviewed. Then, synchronization patterns between gall midge emergence and host plant phenology are analyzed to discuss the adaptive strategies of gall midges and to show how the amount of available food resources is affected by the time lag in synchronization. The spatial distribution pattern and the preference-performance linkage of aphid stem mothers is also discussed in relation to synchronization.

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Phenology of Winter Moth Feeding on Common Heather: Effects of Source Population and Experimental Manipulation of Hatch Dates

Cited by 48 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen enrichment on a plant–insect interaction: the quality of Calluna vulgaris as a host for Operophtera brumata

Effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen enrichment on a plant–insect interaction: the quality of Calluna vulgaris as a host for Operophtera brumata

Indirect interaction between two native thistles mediated by an invasive exotic floral herbivore

Synchronization of gallers with host plant phenology

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