Phenology of ixodid ticks of the genus Dermacentor in the Central Ciscaucasia

Tokhov, Yu. M.; Луцук, С. Н.; Dyachenko, Yu. V.

doi:10.1134/s0013873814030130

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Temperature has been shown to have an important effect on questing activity and mortality of adult D. reticulatus and it has been suggested that D. reticulatus is more cold‐tolerant than other tick species, such as I. ricinus (Martinod & Gilot, 1991; Bartosik et al ., 2011). This allows it to initiate questing activity earlier in the year and show activity during winter months when temperatures are too low for I. ricinus (Tharme, 1993; Tokhov et al ., 2014). Active questing of D. reticulatus ticks has been observed at temperatures as low as 1 °C and a soil temperature of −0.1 °C in mainland and Eastern Europe (Nosek, 1972; Hubálek et al ., 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and the seasonal abundance of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus

Sands

Bryer

Wall

2021

Medical Vet Entomology

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Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Fabricius 1794) is one of the most widely distributed and abundant tick species in central Europe and is a vector for a range of pathogens. Nevertheless, many aspects of its ecology and distribution remain poorly understood. To quantify the seasonal abundance of this species in the U.K. and the environmental factors that determine this, weekly sampling at sites throughout Wales and southern England was undertaken for 12 months. This showed that the activity of adult D. reticulatus peaked February and March and that no individuals were collected between May and mid‐October; no questing tick activity was observed when the 5‐day average temperature was greater than 15 °C. A single nymph was collected by dragging, confirming speculation over the nidicolous status of larval and nymphal stadia. Laboratory analysis found that D. reticulatus were able survive cold shock and the lower lethal temperature was estimated to be between −18 and −20 °C. Habitat was significantly associated with tick activity, with higher numbers of ticks collected from low lying vegetation in marsh environments than from exposed grassland or woodland. A strong association was observed between activity and saturation deficit suggesting that the seasonal pattern of activity seen in the field, within the sites where it was abundant, is more strongly determined by temperature than humidity. Range expansion within the U.K. should be expected, bringing with it an elevated disease risk for animal and human hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and the seasonal abundance of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus

Sands

Bryer

Wall

2021

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…( 2011 ) 26 l Russia Tohov et al. ( 2013 ) 13 h Russia Belova et al. ( 2014 ) 1 m Russia Dedkov et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

et al. 2020

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The two ixodid tick species Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius) and Dermacentor silvarum Olenev occur at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia, within the belt of 34−60 • N latitude. Whilst the distribution area of D. reticulatus extends from the Atlantic coast of Portugal to Western Siberia, that of D. silvarum extends from Western Siberia to the Pacific coast. In Western Siberia, the distribution areas of the two Dermacentor species overlap. Although the two tick species are important vectors of disease, detailed information concerning the entire distribution area, climate adaptation, and proven vector competence is still missing. A dataset was compiled, resulting in 2188 georeferenced D. reticulatus and 522 D. silvarum locations. Up-to-date maps depicting the geographical distribution and climate adaptation of the two Dermacentor species are presented. To investigate the climate adaptation of the two tick species, the georeferenced locations were superimposed on a high-resolution map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The frequency distribution of D. reticulatus under different climates shows two major peaks related to the following climates: warm temperate with precipitation all year round (57%) and boreal with precipitation all year round (40%). The frequency distribution of D. silvarum shows also two major peaks related to boreal climates with precipitation all year round (30%) and boreal winter dry climates (60%). Dermacentor silvarum seems to be rather flexible concerning summer temperatures, which can range from cool to hot. In climates with cool summers D. reticulatus does not occur, it prefers warm and to a lesser extent hot summers. Lists are given in this paper for cases of proven vector competence for various agents of both Dermacentor species. For the first time, the entire distribution areas of D. reticulatus and D. silvarum were mapped using georeferenced data. Their climate adaptations were quantified by Köppen profiles.

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“…During the winter they undergo diapause which is different from quiescence and is defined as a neurohormonally-mediated dynamic state of low metabolic activity [ 28 ]. The relatively early activation of D. reticulatus adults after winter diapause is associated with their ability to withstand low temperatures [ 29 ] which results in an evolutionary advantage compared to other ticks. Adult D. reticulatus follow an ambush strategy to find their hosts [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the tick and canine babesiosis has been reported from three dogs in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey [ 146 ]. Some areas of the Russian part of the range of D. reticulatus have recently been subjected to intensive research resulting in additional distribution data; nevertheless, the exact location, with coordinates, is usually missing [ 29 , 147 – 151 ]. China (provinces Xinjiang and even Shaanxi and Shanxi) is considered to be the south-eastern limit of its distribution [ 152 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise

et al. 2016

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Dermacentor reticulatus is a hard tick species with extraordinary biological features. It has a high reproduction rate, a rapid developmental cycle, and is also able to overcome years of unfavourable conditions. Dermacentor reticulatus can survive under water for several months and is cold-hardy even compared to other tick species. It has a wide host range: over 60 different wild and domesticated hosts are known for the three active developmental stages. Its high adaptiveness gives an edge to this tick species as shown by new data on the emergence and establishment of D. reticulatus populations throughout Europe. The tick has been the research focus of a growing number of scientists, physicians and veterinarians. Within the Web of Science database, more than a fifth of the over 700 items published on this species between 1897 and 2015 appeared in the last three years (2013–2015). Here we attempt to synthesize current knowledge on the systematics, ecology, geographical distribution and recent spread of the species and to highlight the great spectrum of possible veterinary and public health threats it poses. Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis is a severe leading canine vector-borne disease in many endemic areas. Although less frequently than Ixodes ricinus, D. reticulatus adults bite humans and transmit several Rickettsia spp., Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus or Tick-borne encephalitis virus. We have not solely collected and reviewed the latest and fundamental scientific papers available in primary databases but also widened our scope to books, theses, conference papers and specialists colleagues’ experience where needed. Besides the dominant literature available in English, we also tried to access scientific literature in German, Russian and eastern European languages as well. We hope to inspire future research projects that are necessary to understand the basic life-cycle and ecology of this vector in order to understand and prevent disease threats. We conclude that although great strides have been made in our knowledge of the eco-epidemiology of this species, several gaps still need to be filled with basic research, targeting possible reservoir and vector roles and the key factors resulting in the observed geographical spread of D. reticulatus.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1599-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Phenology of ixodid ticks of the genus Dermacentor in the Central Ciscaucasia

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Climate and the seasonal abundance of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus

Climate and the seasonal abundance of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus

Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum

Dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise

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