Phenology, Growth and Yield of Three Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties as Affected by High Temperature Stress

Abstract

Wheat is the most important cereal in the world. However, due to an increasing trend of rising temperatures around the world, wheat may be exposed to greater thermal stress in the near future. Therefore, the identification and development of suitable wheat varieties is an important step to resolve this threat to production and to achieve high yield, even under high temperature stress. In this context, phenology, growth and yield of three elite varieties of wheat ('Gourab' , 'BARI Gom-25' and 'BARI Gom-26') were evaluated under two sowing conditions: optimum (sown on November 15) and late heat stress condition (sown on December 27). All wheat varieties, when sown late, faced severe temperature stress that significantly affected phenology, growth and finally yield. Taking into consideration phenological variation, dry matter (fresh and dry weight) partitioning and grain yield, variety 'BARI Gom-26' performed better both in optimum and late heat stress, followed by 'BARI Gom-25'; 'Gourab' performed the least. On the basis of heat tolerance parameters [relative performance (RP) and heat susceptibility index (HSI)], 'BARI Gom-25' (RP-79%; HSI-0.7) was the best performing variety followed by 'BARI Gom-26' (RP-74%; HSI-0.9) under heat stress while 'Gourab' (RP-61%; HSI-1.3) was sensitive to heat.

Effects of Climate Change on the Yield and Cropping Area of Major Food Crops: A Case of Bangladesh

“…The effects of climate change on crop production are international concerns, but they are particularly significant for the sustainable agricultural development of Bangladesh [1]. This is a country of variant climatic conditions year-round due to its geographic position and physiographic status.…”

“…Awal and Siddique [28] estimated the trend of rice production by employing ARIMA model but did not consider climate influence. Hossain and Teixeira da Silva [1] have undertaken an initiative to document the climate change impact on rice and wheat yield in Bangladesh. Their study has drawn a conclusion that global warming is expected to severely reduce the yield of various crops, including rice and wheat, directly affecting the food security of 165 million people in Bangladesh.…”

Agro-Economic Performance of Crop Diversification in Rice Based Cropping Systems of Northwest Bangladesh

“…For Bangladesh, the impacts are most critical because of its geographical location, high population density, high levels of poverty, and the reliance of many livelihoods on climate-sensitive sectors, such as agriculture [1]. Research projections of global warming for Bangladesh indicate that climate change will severely reduce the growth of various crops such as, wheat, Boro rice, potato and winter vegetables in the north and central parts, due to increasing temperature in winter; lack of rainfall, summer crops by drought in northwestern and by flooding in southeastern parts of the country [2].…”

Wheat production in Bangladesh: its future in the light of global warming

“…(2009)‘Gourab’, ‘Sourav’, ‘Kanchan’, ‘Shatabdi’, ‘Sonora’, ‘Kalyansona’Based on the growing degree days, helio-thermal unit, heat use efficiency and pheno-thermal index, ‘Gourab’, ‘Sourav’, ‘Kanchan’ and ‘Shatabdi’ performed better in heat stress.Heat-sensitive cultivars, Sonora and ‘Kalyansona’ showed sensitivity to heat stress.Sikder (2012)10 spring wheat genotypes ‘Gen/3/Gov’, ‘PB81/PVN’, ‘Fang 60’, ‘Kanchan’, ‘Sari 82’, ‘HI 977’, ‘HAR 424’ ‘PF 70354’, ‘Opata’, ‘Fyn/Pvn’Considering canopy temperature depression, ‘Gen/3/Gov’ seemed to be the best entry for late planting with reasonably high yield, moderate grain size and growth period.Other varieties did not show better performance in late heat stress.M. A. Rahman et al (2009); M. M. Rahman et al (2009)‘Sourav’, ‘Gourab’, ‘Shatabdi’, ‘Sufi’, ‘Bijoy’, ‘Prodip’, ‘BAW 1059’, ‘BAW 1064’According to stability analysis ‘Sourav’ was a stable variety in all environmental conditions.‘Prodip’ and ‘BAW1064’ were sensitive genotypes.Kabir et al (2009)‘Gourab’, ‘Sourav’, ‘Kanchan’, ‘Shatabdi’, ‘Sonora’, ‘Kalyansona’Based on membrane thermo-stability in a laboratory test, then canopy temperature depression and stem reserve mobilization capacity, ‘Shatabdi’, ‘Sourav’, ‘Kanchan’ and ‘Gourab’ were grouped as heat tolerant.Whereas cultivars ‘Sonora’ and ‘Kalyansona’ were considered as heat sensitive.Sikder and Paul (2010)20 wheat genotypesBased on the % cell membrane injury and seedling proline content ‘Bijoy’, ‘Sufi’, ‘Kanchan’, ‘Fang 60’, ‘BAW 1059’, ‘BL 1883’, ‘BL 1022’, ‘IVT 7’, ‘IVT 8’, ‘IVT 9’, ‘IVT 10’ and ‘BAW 917’ were heat-tolerant ().Remaining 8 genotypes were heat sensitive.Ahmed and Hasan (2011)‘Sourav’, ‘Gourab’, ‘Shatabdi’, ‘Sufi’, ‘Bijoy’, ‘Prodip’, ‘BARI Gom 25’, ‘BARI Gom 26’Both in too early and very late heat stress conditions, genotypes ‘Sourav’ and ‘BARI Gom 25’ were heat tolerant.Variety ‘Prodip’ showed sensitivity to high temperature.Hossain et al (2011)‘Gourab’, ‘BARI Gom 25’ and ‘BARI Gom 26’Considering on heat susceptibility and relative performance, variety ‘BARI Gom 25’ was the best-performing variety, followed by ‘BARI Gom 26’‘Gourab’ was susceptible variety.Hossain and Teixeira da Silva (2012)…”