Phenology and stem-growth periodicity of tree species in Amazonian floodplain forests

Abstract

To study the impact of the annual long-term flooding (flood- pulse) on seasonal tree development in Amazonian floodplains, the phenology and growth in stem diameter of various tree species with different leaf-change patterns were observed over a period of 2 y. The trees of the functional ecotypes, evergreen, brevi-deciduous, deciduous and stem-succulent showed a periodic behaviour mainly triggered by the flood-pulse. Trees have high increment during the terrestrial phase. Flooding causes a shedding of some or all leaves leading to a cambial dormancy of about 2 mo and the formation of an annual ring. Studies carried out in tropical dry forests verify a strong relationship between the phenological development and the water status of the trees, strongly affected by seasonal drought. The comparison of the phenology and the diameter growth of the corresponding ecotypes in floodplain forest and a semi- deciduous forest in Venezuela shows a displacement of at least 2 mo in the periodicity, except for stem-succulent tree species. For stem-succulent trees it remains unclear which factors influence phenology and stem diameter growth

Continental-scale patterns of Cecropia reproductive phenology: evidence from herbarium specimens

“…Our results are consistent with these findings, as those species showed no significant periodic structure in our analysis (table 1). In general, our data from herbarium specimens agree with field survey data, with one exception: our analysis detected no periodic pattern for C. latiloba, which is reported to have annual periodicity (table 1 [23]). …”

“…This conclusion is consistent with other studies that found annual periodicity in flower production in local populations, but with different flowering peaks throughout the year in different regions ( [16,25,27,28] Non-climatic factors may also affect Cecropia phenology. Cecropia latiloba is a highly flood-tolerant species widely distributed throughout the Amazon basin, for which Schöngart et al [23] found a high annual flowering periodicity in a population near Manaus. Data gathered from herbarium specimens for South Amazonia, however, suggest a non-annual pattern for this species (table 1).…”

Araucaria growth response to solar and climate variability in South Brazil

“…In Brazil, dendrochronological/dendroclimatic studies are still incipient (Fritts, 1976;Schöngart et al, 2002Schöngart et al, , 2004Rigozo et al, 2007aRigozo et al, , b, 2008Lisi et al, 2008;Oliveira et al, 2009;Prestes et al, 2011Prestes et al, , 2014Andreacci et al, 2013;Pagotto et al, 2015;Lorensi and Prestes, 2016;Lorensi, 2016;Perone et al, 2016), considering the great biodiversity and continental dimension of Brazil when compared to South American countries such as Chile and Argentina. However, these kinds of studies have become more numerous in the recent years (Rigozo et al, 2007a(Rigozo et al, , b, 2008Lisi et al, 2008;Oliveira et al, 2009;Prestes et al, 2011Prestes et al, , 2014Andreacci et al, 2013;Pagotto et al, 2015;Lorensi and Prestes, 2016;Lorensi, 2016;Perone et al, 2016).…”

Efeito da inundação de longa duração sob o crescimento de Pouteria glomerata (Sapotaceae), uma arbórea da várzea da Amazônia Central

“…Parolin (2002) reporta o rápido crescimento caulinar na fase inicial da vida como maneira de aumentar a altura e escapar dos efeitos da submersão. Em termos de fenologia, algumas espécies decíduas como Albizia multiflora e Crataeva benthamii e semi-decíduas Alchornea castaneifolia e Luehea cymulosa apresentam a queda foliar total ou parcial em sincronia com o pulso de inundação Schöngart et al, 2002). E ainda, o crescimento de raízes adventícias é comumente observado em plântulas inundadas (Joly e Crawford 1982, Waldhoff et al, 1998Lopez e Kursar 2003;Parolin 2009), uma adaptação importante para absorção de oxigênio disponível na água.…”