Phenology and Germination of Crownbeard (<i>Verbesina encelioides</i>)

Kaul, M. L. H.; Mangal, Poornima

doi:10.1017/s0043174500060471

Cited by 15 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…4). This species grows to a larger maximum size than any of the other species in our communities (120 cm tall), and is a successful weed pest in North America and India (Kaul & Mangal 1987). Thus it is not surprising that this species dominated the biomass production in our communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It forms numerous pure stands and establishes itself in a variety of habitats. High and rapid seed germination (up to 94%), efficient seedling survival, quick vegetative and reproductive growth, extensive seed production, efficient self‐ and cross‐pollination, and broad ecological amplitude have contributed to the biological success of this species (Kaul & Mangal 1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and nitrogen uptake in an experimental community of annuals exposed to elevated atmospheric CO₂

Berntson

Rajakaruna

Bazzaz

1998

Global Change Biology

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Rising levels of atmospheric CO2 may alter patterns of plant biomass production. These changes will be dependent on the ability of plants to acquire sufficient nutrients to maintain enhanced growth. Species‐specific differences in responsiveness to CO2 may lead to changes in plant community composition and biodiversity. Differences in species‐level growth responses to CO2 may be, in a large part, driven by differences in the ability to acquire nutrients. To understand the mechanisms of how elevated CO2 leads to changes in community‐level productivity, we need to study the growth responses and patterns of nutrient acquisition for each of the species that comprise the community. In this paper, we present a study of how elevated CO2 affects community‐level and species‐level patterns of nitrogen uptake and biomass production. As an experimental system we use experimental communities of 11 co‐occurring annuals common to disturbed seasonal grasslands in south‐western U.S.A. We established experimental communities with approximately even numbers of each species in three different atmospheric CO2 concentrations (375, 550, and 700 ppm). We maintained these communities for 1, 1.5, and 2 months at which times we applied a 15N tracer (15NH415NO3) to quantify the nitrogen uptake and then measured plant biomass, nitrogen content, and nitrogen uptake rates for the entire communities as well as for each species. Overall, community‐level responses to elevated CO2 were consistent with the majority of other studies of individual‐ and multispecies assemblages, where elevated CO2 leads to enhanced biomass production early on, but this enhancement declines through time. In contrast, the responses of the individual species within the communities was highly variable, showing the full range of responses from positive to negative. Due to the large variation in size between the different species, community‐level responses were generally determined by the responses of only one or a few species. Thus, while several of the smaller species showed trends of increased biomass and nitrogen uptake in elevated CO2 at the end of the experiment, community‐level patterns showed a decrease in these parameters due to the significant reduction in biomass and nitrogen content in the single largest species. The relationship between enhancement of nitrogen uptake and biomass production in elevated CO2 was highly significant for both 550 ppm and 700 ppm CO2. This relationship strongly suggests that the ability of plants to increase nitrogen uptake (through changes in physiology, morphology, architecture, or mycorrhizal symbionts) may be an important determinant of which species in a community will be able to respond to increased CO2 levels with increased biomass production. The fact that the most dominant species within the community showed reduced enhancement and the smaller species showed increased enhancement suggest that through time, elevated CO2 may lead to significant changes in community composition. At the community level, nitrogen uptake r...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and nitrogen uptake in an experimental community of annuals exposed to elevated atmospheric CO₂

Berntson

Rajakaruna

Bazzaz

1998

Global Change Biology

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“…(2010), rapid growth from vegetative stage through to flowering stage and high seed production are among the ideal characteristics of invasive weeds. Furthermore, its winged achenes are easily dispersed by light winds (Kaul & Mangal 1987). Results showed that the weed is not yet widespread in Tunisia.…”

Section: Subspecies Distinguishing Featuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Specimens were collected from the infested habitat and examined to identify the species based on dichotomous genus and species keys of the Asteraceae (Haines 2011), relevant literature (Parker 1972;Kaul & Mangal 1987;Wagner & al. 1990;Taleb & Bouhache 2006) and online databases (e.g.…”

Section: Species and Subspecies Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Australia, it occurs as a weed of sandy loams along roadsides, stock routes, field headlands and in some woodland communities (Parsons & Cuthbertson 2001). In North India, it is a prominent weed infesting field crops and abundant along roadsides and railway tracts and on the wastelands, occurring mostly in sandy and sandy-loam soils (Kaul & Mangal 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Golden crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides, Asteraceae), first record for the Tunisian flora

2016

Fl. Medit.

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printed, 2240-4538 online. A new alien plant-Verbesina encelioides (Asteraceae)-was recorded in Tunisia at Hencha-Sfax. Its identification was based on specimens' examination and relevant literature. A floristic exploration was made during October-November 2013 to map the spatial distribution and to measure some biological traits of this species. Within an area of 40 km² and along 35 km of roadsides 19 infestations we recorded. The large part of them was located in ruderal environments and in lesser extent in field crops. During field trips we noted V. encelioides behavior in each habitat. It is a drought tolerant erect annual plant, germinating in early spring or autumn; some seedlings may survive the winter season. From the observations this species look like more adapted to roadsides than to field crops.

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Using phenology data to improve control of invasive plant species: A case study on Midway Atoll NWR

Taylor

Holthuijzen

Humphrey

et al. 2020

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Restoration of degraded lands often depends on knowledge of invasive plant species’ ecology coupled with well‐timed treatments to control them. Little is known about the reproductive phenology of Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard), which is a highly invasive annual forb species at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). Efforts to control V. encelioides on Midway Atoll NWR were challenging, especially when targeted plants went to seed before being treated. 2. To obtain this information, we documented the timing of key reproductive life cycle events in cohorts of V. encelioides plants on Midway Atoll NWR for 12 months beginning in August 2016; we visited these plants every 3–7 days and noted which phenophases the plants exhibited. 3. We found that it took an average of 76 days for V. encelioides to transition from leaves to seed drop, although the time required varied across the year (range: 31–175 days). Accordingly, invasive plant control schedules were adjusted to re‐treat infested areas every 30 days. 4. By incorporating phenology information into invasive plant control operations at Midway Atoll NWR, efforts to eradicate V. encelioides will have a higher chance of succeeding. Standardized methods, such as those from the USA National Phenology Network, provided useful tools for optimizing the timing of management practices; moreover, these data may help to better inform management of invasive plant species with regard to restoration efforts at a global scale.

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Phenology and Germination of Crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides)

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Growth and nitrogen uptake in an experimental community of annuals exposed to elevated atmospheric CO₂

Growth and nitrogen uptake in an experimental community of annuals exposed to elevated atmospheric CO₂

Golden crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides, Asteraceae), first record for the Tunisian flora

Using phenology data to improve control of invasive plant species: A case study on Midway Atoll NWR

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Phenology and Germination of Crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides)

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Growth and nitrogen uptake in an experimental community of annuals exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2

Growth and nitrogen uptake in an experimental community of annuals exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2

Golden crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides, Asteraceae), first record for the Tunisian flora

Using phenology data to improve control of invasive plant species: A case study on Midway Atoll NWR

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Growth and nitrogen uptake in an experimental community of annuals exposed to elevated atmospheric CO₂

Growth and nitrogen uptake in an experimental community of annuals exposed to elevated atmospheric CO₂