http://www.eje.cz tion, analysis and synthesis. At fi rst glance, the sheer variety of taxa, lifestyles, photoperiodic responses and, last but not least, experimental designs is so wide that drawing any generalizations seems challenging. Furthermore, it has long been noted that the rate-controlling effect of photoperiod may depend on other factors, especially temperature. The difference may be merely quantitative such that a particular photoperiod exerts a strong effect at one temperature and little or no effect at another (Vinogradova, 1960; Ingram & Jenner, 1976), but sometimes there is a reversal of photoperiodic effect at high temperatures relative to that in cooler conditions, e.g., acceleration versus retardation (Geispitz et al., 1971; Goryshin & Akhmedov, 1971; Lopatina et al., 2007). Due to the growing appreciation of the role of reaction norms in adaptive evolution (Schlichting & Pigliucci, 1998; Murren et al., 2014; Kivelä et al., 2015), these photoperiod-temperature interactions are currently interpreted as photoperiodic plasticity of thermal reaction norms for growth and development (Gotthard et al., 1999; Lopatina et al., 2007; Kutcherov et al., 2015). However, studies on insect growth and development at several combinations of temperature and photoperiod have also produced a patchwork of examples with nearly as Convergent photoperiodic plasticity in developmental rate in two species of insects with widely different thermal phenotypes