Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and hypoglycemic activities of Ehretia macrophyla Wall. (EMW) fruit

Abstract

Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and hypoglycemic activities of the whole Ehretia macrophylla Wall. (EMW) fruit were investigated in the present study. Catechin (CE), o‐methoxy benzoic acid (o‐MBA), and rosmarinic acid (RA) were the predominant phenolics in free extract, while CE, vanillic acid (VA), and o‐MBA were for bound extract. These extracts exhibited potential antioxidant capacity measured by peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays. This fruit also possessed dose‐dependently antiproliferative activity, and this may be due to the synergistic and additive effects of individual phenolics. Furthermore, EMW fruit showed favorable hypoglycemic activity via inhibition of activities of α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase, enhancement of glucose consumption, glycogen accumulation, and glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2) activity, and downregulation of activities of glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Therefore, EMW fruit has the potential as an ingredient of functional foods to improve human health and shows promising applications with additional health and economical benefits.Practical ApplicationEMW fruit is a plant‐based food rich in natural phenolic compounds, which suggesting its potential bioactivities for humans such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and hypoglycemic activities. Our findings would provide a logical strategy to promote the comprehensive utilization of phenolics in EMW fruit with both health and economical benefits.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Onosma bourgaei and Onosma trachytricha and in Silico Molecular Docking Analysis of Dominant Compounds

“…According to the literature data, rosmarinic acid is also among the phytochemicals that show inhibitory activity on digestive enzymes. Deng et al [ 42 ] reported that Ehretia macrophylla , which is rich in rosmarinic acid, showed promising hypoglycemic activity by inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase.…”

The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the phenolic profiles, bioactivities and bioaccessibility of Rhodiola

“…The peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays were performed to measure the in vitro antioxidant activities. 19 For the PSC assay, after being diluted by 75 mM phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.4), the samples were mixed with DCFH-DA (13.25 mM, 100 μL) and ABAP (40 mM). Then, the fluorescence signals of the mixture were detected by FilterMax F5 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader (ex: 485 nm, em: 535 nm) at 37 °C for 20 cycles.…”

“…The antioxidant capacity of RE and Rhodiola digesta was further assessed by the cellular antioxidant activity assay depicted before. 19 In brief, 6 × 10 5 cells per mL were seeded in each well and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C in 5% CO 2 . After incubation, the culture medium was discarded, and 100 μL PBS was used to wash the cells.…”

“…Finally, 600 μM ABAP was added to the wells, and the detection of fluorescence value was performed by FilterMax F5 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader (ex: 485 nm, em: 535 nm) at 37 °C for 1 h. The final results were presented as µmol quercetin equivalent per one hundred grams of fresh weight (µmol QE per 100 g FW). The cell uptake rate was calculated using the following formula: 19 CAA valueðPBS washÞ CAA valueðNo PBS washÞ Â 100% :…”

Advances in Mechanism Research on Polygonatum in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes

“…Studies have shown that certain active ingredients of traditional Chinese herbal medicines have apparent effects of lowering blood sugar and blood lipids, such as polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids ( Xu et al, 2018 ; Xu et al, 2019 ; Deng et al, 2020 ; Hou et al, 2020 ; Zhuang et al, 2020 ). Polygonatum is rich in these substances and hence is a Chinese herbal medicine with great medicinal value.…”