Phenolic profiles and nutritional quality of four new mungbean lines grown in northern Australia

Abstract

Four new lines of mungbean cultivated under northern Australian cropping conditions (19.8462 S, 147.2448 E) were characterised for yield, seed characteristics, nutritional contents, phytochemical profiles and phenolic acid contents. Their performance was compared to a commercially grown mungbean line (Jade-AU). The seed yield for three of the new lines (AVTMB 1, 3 and 4) was 14% higher compared to Jade-AU. However, the seed size of AVTMB 1 was also significantly smaller compared to the other lines and Jade-AU. in vitro sprouting acceptability scores ranged between 80% and 100%, with no significant difference between lines. Ash content was highest (4.26% w/w) for lines with smallest seed (e.g., AVTMB 1), while higher protein content was recorded for AVTMB 1 followed by AVTMB 4, AVTMB 3 and Jade-AU, and lowest in AVTMB 2. The seed coat colour of AVTMB 1 and 4 was significantly different (lighter green) than other lines and Jade-AU, whereas the flour colour did not vary significantly. Total polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity and total monomeric anthocyanin content did not vary significantly between lines. Phenolic acid and flavonoid profiling by HPLC showed the predominant constituents to be vitexin (which averaged between 115 and 149 μg/g for different lines), isovitexin (132-174 μg/g) and catechin (94-105 μg/g). There were statistically significant differences between the mungbean lines for several individual phenolic acids, including p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, sinapic, ferulic and cinnamic acids, as well as for the flavonoid glycoside vitexin. In most cases, with the highest concentrations of these compounds were found in AVTMB 4 or AVTMB 1. Several of these new mungbean lines show potential for commercial cropping in the drier, hotter regions of northern Australia due to their yield and seed quality performance.

The Use of Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Food: A Review

“…Recent years have seen an expansion of the "functional food" market-where foods are purchased for their health-benefiting effects, rather than as a source of basic nutrition and energy [38][39][40]. For example, the consumption of juice from Queen Garnet plums has been shown to reduce oxidative stress [41] and reduce the risk of blood clot formation in clinical trials [42], while polyphenolics isolated from chickpeas have been found to provide anti-cancer effects, particularly against colorectal cancer [43].…”

“…There is an ongoing interest in biochemical characterisation and quantification of polyphenols across a wide range of food products, given that compounds from this class have been associated with a wide range of potential health-benefiting effects [151][152][153][154][155], particularly in improving cardiovascular health [156][157][158][159][160]. Consequently, the rapid prediction of total polyphenol content using infrared spectroscopy could have the potential to greatly benefit the effectiveness and robustness of the quality assurance of functional food products [40,96].…”

Phenolic Profiles of Ten Australian Faba Bean Varieties

“…Although vitexin is more commonly known to occur in mungbean [ 25 ], it has been previously reported from faba bean using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-based metabolic profiling [ 26 , 27 ], although it was not quantified. Similarly, although rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) does not appear to have been previously reported from faba bean seed, numerous other types of quercetin glycosides have been found in this matrix [ 8 , 11 ].…”

“…Each methanol extract (20 mL) was concentrated using a rotary evaporator with the water bath temperature limited to 27 °C, before being reconstituted in 1 mL of methanol and syringe filtered (Livingstone 0.45 µm PTFE). The phenolics were separated on an Agilent 1100 HPLC system (Waldbronn, Germany) using previously described methods [ 27 ]. Briefly, a reversed-phase C 18 column (Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18; 150 × 4.6 mm; 5 µm pore size) and guard cartridge (Gemini C 18 4 × 2 mm) were used, with an injection volume of 5 µL and column temperature of 27 ± 0.8 °C.…”

Development and Validation of a 96-Well Microplate Assay for the Measurement of Total Phenolic Content in Ginger Extracts

“…Briefly, separation was achieved on a previously described Agilent 1100 HPLC system (Johnson et al 2020f), with an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm; 5 µm pore size), injection volume of 5 µL and detection wavelength of 230 nm. The mobile phase followed a gradient elution at 1 mL/min (A = water, B = methanol), ramping from 30% A to reach 60% at 2 mins, 63% at 10 mins, 65% at 16 mins and 100% A at 28 mins.…”