Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Italian Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils

p‐Hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) plays a significant role in sustaining the oxidative stability of macadamia nut oil (MNO). However, PHBA undergoes thermal decarboxylation and loses its bioactive antioxidant properties. In this study, we determine PHBA degradation kinetics in oils at various heating temperatures, which provides fundamental understanding of PHBA thermal degradation in oils and oil quality changes during high‐temperature processing. PHBA degradation kinetics in MNO, olive oil, and corn oil were evaluated at temperatures typical for cooking and frying. PBHA headspace concentration was measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. PHBA decarboxylation followed a zero‐order reaction, where degradation could be affected by factors such as the type of oil matrix having different FA compositions, antioxidants, and component interactions. PHBA degradation activation energies (E a) showed that PHBA was more stable against thermal decarboxylation in MNO (85 kJ mol–1) than in olive oil (40 kJ mol−1) or corn oil (22 kJ mol−1). The higher enthalpy (ΔH≠θ) of decarboxylation in MNO (82 kJ mol−1) indicates that PHBA is more inhibited from decomposition than olive oil (37 kJ mol−1) or corn oil (19 kJ mol−1). Moreover, the negative entropy values (ΔS≠θ) of PHBA degradation from MNO (−192 J mol−1 K−1), olive oil (−277 J mol−1 K−1), and corn oil (−325 J mol−1 K−1) indicates that these oils impart some inhibitory properties against PHBA thermal decarboxylation.

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“…r μg/g oil (Tuck and Hayball, 2002). s μg/g oil (Negro et al, 2019). t μg/g oil (Lazzerini and Domenici, 2017).…”

Section: Data Analysis: Kinetic Parameter Analysis Of Phba Thermal Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Degradation of p‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Macadamia Nut Oil, Olive Oil, and Corn Oil

Castada

Zhao-yu

Barringer

et al. 2020

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…In the same studies, higher concentrations of apigenin were reported reaching concentrations to the 8.72 and 5.51 ± 0.69 mg/kg, respectively [ 27 , 61 ]. Differences in the concentration of both compounds in non-ivory cultivars growing in an identical climate/environment area in Italy also was reported with concentrations between 2.2 ± 0.5–16.7 ± 0.6 mg/kg for the luteolin and 0.2 ± 0.1–9.2 ± 0.3 mg/kg for the apigenin [ 62 ]. The ripening stage is another factor that affects the concentrations of these compounds, increasing the content of luteolin with the maturity index whereas apigenin does not show any definite trend.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Conservation of Native Wild Ivory-White Olives from the MEDES Islands Natural Reserve to Maintain Virgin Olive Oil Diversity

et al. 2020

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Food diversity, and in particular genetic diversity, is being lost at an alarming rate. Protection of natural areas is crucial to safeguard the world’s threatened species. The Medes Islands (MI), located in the northwest Mediterranean Sea, are a protected natural reserve. Wild olive trees also known as oleasters make up part of the vegetation of the Meda Gran island. Among them, in 2012, a wild albino ivory-white olive tree with fruit was identified. Fruits were collected from this tree and their seeds were first sown in a greenhouse and then planted in an orchard for purposes of ex situ preservation. Seven out of the 78 seedling trees obtained (12%) produced ivory-white fruits. In autumn 2018, fruits from these trees were sampled. Although the fruits had low oil content, virgin olive oil with unique sensory, physicochemical, and stability characteristics was produced. With respect to the polyphenols content, oleacein was the main compound identified (373.29 ± 72.02 mg/kg) and the oleocanthal was the second most abundant phenolic compound (204.84 ± 52.58 mg/kg). Regarding pigments, samples were characterized by an intense yellow color, with 12.5 ± 4.6 mg/kg of chlorophyll and 9.2 ± 3.3 mg/kg of carotenoids. Finally, oleic acid was the main fatty acid identified. This study explored the resources of the natural habitat of the MI as a means of enrichment of olive oil diversity and authenticity of this traditional Mediterranean food

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“…The oxidation reactions and free radical production lead to some oxidative stress-related disorders such as diabetes, arthritis, urolithiasis and cancer. The activity of phenolic compounds against oxidative stress-related mechanism can have substantial therapeutic applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry 12 , 34 , 51 – 54 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the separations are carried out at ambient temperature. The gradient elution of solvent A (water-acetic acid) and solvent B (acetonitrile) had a significant effect on the resolution of compounds according to the procedure: 0 min, 100% (A); 5 min, 95% (A); 17 min, 85% (A); 40 min, 60% (A); 60 min, 50% (A); 65 min, 50% (A); 70 min, 100% (A) 33 , 34 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical composition analysis and evaluation of in vitro medicinal properties and cytotoxicity of five wild weeds: A comparative study

et al. 2020

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Background: Medicinal plants are a source of phytochemicals and they are used for the treatment of several oxidative stress-related or other diseases for their effectiveness, low toxicity and easy availability. Five traditionally used and less characterized herbaceous weeds of West Bengal, India, namely, Heliotropium indicum, Tridax procumbens, Cleome rutidosperma, Commelina benghalensis and Euphorbia hirta, were investigated for the current research study. Methods: Aqueous and 70% ethanolic extracts of the leaves were analyzed for estimation of essential phytochemicals and to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant status, medicinal properties and cytotoxic effects. To the best of our knowledge, several assays and comparative evaluations using these herbs are reported for the first time. For quantitative study, UV-vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector HPLC-DAD techniques were used. Antibacterial properties were investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. For in vitro anti-lithiatic study, a titration method was used. The cell viability assay was done using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results: The aqueous extract exhibits higher content of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and inhibition percentage values for free radical scavenging assays, whereas the 70% ethanolic extract exhibits higher content of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. HPLC-DAD analysis of 70% ethanolic extracts led us to identify 10 predominant phenolic constituents. Euphorbia hirta extracts showed minimum cytotoxicity (cell death ~2.5% and 4% in water and 70% ethanolic extract, respectively), whereas Cleome rutidosperma and Tridax procumbens’ 70% ethanolic extracts showed higher cell death (~13% and 28%, respectively), compared with the control (cell death ~10-12%). Conclusions: The study concluded that of all the medicinal weeds selected for the current study, Euphorbia hirta possesses the highest amount of bioactive compounds and hence exhibits the highest in vitro antioxidant activity and promising in vitro medicinal properties.

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Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Italian Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils

Cited by 56 publications

References 45 publications

Thermal Degradation of p‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Macadamia Nut Oil, Olive Oil, and Corn Oil

Thermal Degradation of p‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Macadamia Nut Oil, Olive Oil, and Corn Oil

Conservation of Native Wild Ivory-White Olives from the MEDES Islands Natural Reserve to Maintain Virgin Olive Oil Diversity

Phytochemical composition analysis and evaluation of in vitro medicinal properties and cytotoxicity of five wild weeds: A comparative study

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