Phenolic metabolites of anthocyanins following a dietary intervention study in post‐menopausal women

Ferrars, Rachel Margaret; Cassidy, Aedín; Curtis, Peter J.; Kay, Colin D.

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300322

Cited by 112 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, Curtis et al [119] indicate the consumption of 500 mg/day of elderberry extract for 12 weeks is ineffective in reducing the risk of CVD in healthy postmenopausal women. There is also no change in metabolic processing following 12 weeks of elderberry intake compared with acute intake [120]. …”

Section: Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Effects Of Anthocyaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits

Khoo

Azlan

Tang

et al. 2017

Food & Nutrition Research

1,958

1,327

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Anthocyanins are colored water-soluble pigments belonging to the phenolic group. The pigments are in glycosylated forms. Anthocyanins responsible for the colors, red, purple, and blue, are in fruits and vegetables. Berries, currants, grapes, and some tropical fruits have high anthocyanins content. Red to purplish blue-colored leafy vegetables, grains, roots, and tubers are the edible vegetables that contain a high level of anthocyanins. Among the anthocyanin pigments, cyanidin-3-glucoside is the major anthocyanin found in most of the plants. The colored anthocyanin pigments have been traditionally used as a natural food colorant. The color and stability of these pigments are influenced by pH, light, temperature, and structure. In acidic condition, anthocyanins appear as red but turn blue when the pH increases. Chromatography has been largely applied in extraction, separation, and quantification of anthocyanins. Besides the use of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural dyes, these colored pigments are potential pharmaceutical ingredients that give various beneficial health effects. Scientific studies, such as cell culture studies, animal models, and human clinical trials, show that anthocyanidins and anthocyanins possess antioxidative and antimicrobial activities, improve visual and neurological health, and protect against various non-communicable diseases. These studies confer the health effects of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, which are due to their potent antioxidant properties. Different mechanisms and pathways are involved in the protective effects, including free-radical scavenging pathway, cyclooxygenase pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and inflammatory cytokines signaling. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural food colorants and their nutraceutical properties for health. Abbreviations: CVD: Cardiovascular disease VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Section: Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Effects Of Anthocyaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits

Khoo

Azlan

Tang

et al. 2017

Food & Nutrition Research

1,958

1,327

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Microbiota can degrade anthocyanins to phenolic acids and aldehydes by splitting the C-ring and modifying the remaining A and B-rings (62) . Some of the main metabolites of microbiota degradation are gallic acid, vanillic acid, homovanilic acid, protocatechuic acid (PCA), syringic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (55,(65)(66)(67)(68) . Despite knowledge of the high rate of anthocyanin degradation by gut microbiota there is still no consensus about the proportion absorbed into the systemic circulation (45,53,55) .…”

Section: Bioavailability Of Anthocyaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a study published in 2007 reported only the recovery of cyanidin-3-glucoside and PCA in the plasma following ingestion of 1 litre blood orange juice (65) . However, de Ferrars et al (55) in 2013 reported twenty-eight total metabolites, seventeen phenolics and eleven anthocyanin conjugates in urine following consumption of an elderberry extract (500 mg mixed anthocyanins) consisting mostly of cyanidin glycosides, while plasma analysis discovered seventeen phenolics and four anthocyanin conjugates. Urine samples demonstrated high amounts of vanillic acid and conjugates and were more abundant in anthocyanin conjugates, while the plasma was highest in 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and PCA-sulphate (55) .…”

Section: Bioavailability Of Anthocyaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, de Ferrars et al (55) in 2013 reported twenty-eight total metabolites, seventeen phenolics and eleven anthocyanin conjugates in urine following consumption of an elderberry extract (500 mg mixed anthocyanins) consisting mostly of cyanidin glycosides, while plasma analysis discovered seventeen phenolics and four anthocyanin conjugates. Urine samples demonstrated high amounts of vanillic acid and conjugates and were more abundant in anthocyanin conjugates, while the plasma was highest in 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and PCA-sulphate (55) . Isolated and 13 C-labelled cyanidin-3-glucoside was traced in healthy males, demonstrating a total of twenty-five different metabolites, including a range of cyanidin glucuronides and methyl compounds as well as aldehydes and phase II PCA conjugates (45) .…”

Section: Bioavailability Of Anthocyaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Berries and anthocyanins: promising functional food ingredients with postprandial glycaemia-lowering effects

et al. 2016

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is predicted to reach unprecedented levels in the next few decades. In addition to excess body weight, there may be other overlapping dietary drivers of impaired glucose homeostasis that are associated with an obesogenic diet, such as regular exposure to postprandial spikes in blood glucose arising from diets dominated by highly refined starches and added sugars. Strategies to reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia by optimising the functionality of foods would strengthen efforts to reduce the risk of T2D. Berry bioactives, including anthocyanins, are recognised for their inhibitory effects on carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption. Regular consumption of berries has been associated with a reduction in the risk of T2D. This review aims to examine the evidence fromin vitro, animal and human studies, showing that berries and berry anthocyanins may act in the gut to modulate postprandial glycaemia. Specifically, berry extracts and anthocyanins inhibit the activities of pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase in the gut lumen, and interact with intestinal sugar transporters, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 and GLUT2, to reduce the rate of glucose uptake into the circulation. Growing evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests that berry extracts, purées and nectars acutely inhibit postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia following oral carbohydrate loads. Evidence to date presents a sound basis for exploring the potential for using berries/berry extracts as an additional stratagem to weight loss, adherence to dietary guidelines and increasing physical exercise, for the prevention of T2D.

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“…Recent work suggests that the bioavailability of berry (poly)phenols is higher and more complex than previously thought [9,[19][20][21]. Highly unstable anthocyanins are degraded into smaller compounds as early as 1 hour postconsumption, before or after being absorbed in the small intestine, leading to a vast array of phenolic metabolites that can be glucuronidated, sulfated and/or methylated and circulate in much higher concentrations than the structurally related anthocyanin metabolites [19,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of wild blueberry (poly)phenols at different levels of intake

Rodriguez-Mateos

Feliciano

Cifuentes-Gomez

et al. 2016

JBR

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Abstract. BACKGROUND:Data from human intervention studies have highlighted potential cardiovascular benefits of blueberry (poly)phenols. However, such biological effects are dependent on their bioavailability and, as such, information on the absorption, metabolism and excretion of such compounds is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the bioavailability of blueberry (poly)phenols is intake-dependent, a group of nine healthy volunteers consumed three wild blueberry drinks containing 766 mg (lower), 1278 mg (medium) and 1791 mg (higher) total (poly)phenols, corresponding to 34, 56 and 80 g, respectively, freeze-dried blueberry powder. METHODS: Plasma levels of (poly)phenol metabolites were assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-consumption, using UPLC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Twenty-three phenolic acid metabolites were quantified in plasma after blueberry consumption. Increases in plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were observed in all the interventions tested. The area under the curve of the concentration over time (AUC) significantly increased when comparing the lower and higher (poly)phenol interventions. Linear doseresponse regressions were obtained for 11 metabolites, while the plasma concentration of the remaining 12 metabolites was not affected by increasing amounts of (poly)phenols in the blueberry interventions. CONCLUSION: Absorption and metabolism of blueberry (poly)phenols are not exclusively intake-dependent at the amounts tested, evidencing a complex metabolic fate of these compounds.

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Phenolic metabolites of anthocyanins following a dietary intervention study in post‐menopausal women

Cited by 112 publications

References 47 publications

Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits

Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits

Berries and anthocyanins: promising functional food ingredients with postprandial glycaemia-lowering effects

Bioavailability of wild blueberry (poly)phenols at different levels of intake

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