Phenolic constituents of Salix: A chemotaxonomic survey of further finnish species

Julkunen-Tiitto, R.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)97930-5

Cited by 119 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…shrubs on 4 February 2004 at a moment that catkins had just begun to form. Holme willow belongs to the phenolic glycoside-containing willows (Tahvanainen et al 1985b;Julkunen-Tiitto 1989;Denno et al 1990). It is regarded a sterile triple-hybrid of Salix caprea L. Â Salix cinerea L. Â Salix viminalis L. (Weeda et al 1985).…”

Section: Pruning Experiments and Collection Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated winter browsing may lead to induced susceptibility of willows to beavers in spring

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Browsing may lead to an induced resistance or susceptibility of the plant to the herbivore. We tested the effect of winter browsing by Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber L., 1758) on food quality of holme willows (Salix dasyclados Wimm.) in and after the following growth season. Shrubs were pruned in February, and new shoots from these (cut) shrubs were compared with those of untreated (uncut) ones in May and November. The shoots were analysed for dry matter, nitrogen, acid detergent fibre, and total phenolics. In May, the leaves from the cut treatment had a better food quality (more water, more nitrogen, and less phenolics) than those from the uncut one. There was in part also a systemic response, with lower total phenolics in both the cut and untreated parts of pruned shrubs (uncut-cut) than in the uncut shrubs. In November, we did not find significant differences in biochemistry of bark among cut, uncut, or uncut-cut treatments. These results are in accordance with a cafeteria experiment in the field: in May the beavers preferred shoots from the cut treatment, but in November they showed no preference. The results suggest that willows invest in compensatory growth rather than a defence response early in the regrowing phase.Résumé : Le broutement peut provoquer chez la plante soit une résistance soit une vulnérabilité à l'herbivore. Nous avons vérifié l'effet du broutement en hiver par les castors d'Europe (Castor fiber L., 1758) sur la qualité de la nourriture fournie par le saule à rameaux velus (Salix dasyclados Wimm.) durant la saison suivante de croissance et par la suite. Nous avons émondé les buissons en février et comparé en mai et en novembre les nouvelles pousses de ces buissons « taillés » à celles de buissons « non taillés ». Nous avons soumis les pousses à des analyses de matière sèche, d'azote, de fibres au détergent acide et de substances phénoliques totales. En mai, les feuilles des buissons taillés représentent une nourriture de meilleure qualité (plus d'eau, plus d'azote, moins de substances phénoliques) que celles des buissons non taillés. Il y a aussi une ré-action systématique partielle, puisque les concentrations de substances phénoliques totales, tant dans les parties émondées que non émondées (« non taillés -taillés ») des buissons ébranchés, sont moins importantes que dans les buissons non traités. En novembre, il n'existe pas de différence biochimique significative entre les écorces des buissons taillés, non taillés et non taillés -taillés. Ces données s'accordent avec les résultats d'une expérience de type cafétéria faite en nature: en mai, les castors préfèrent les pousses provenant de buissons taillés, mais en novembre ils ne montrent aucune préfér-ence. Ces observations indiquent que les saules investissent en une croissance compensatoire plutôt qu'en une réaction de défense durant les premières phases de la régénération.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

show abstract

Section: Pruning Experiments and Collection Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated winter browsing may lead to induced susceptibility of willows to beavers in spring

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is also no clear connection between the phylogeny of the nematine gallers and the chemical similarity of willows (Julkunen-Tiitto 1986, 1989Shao 1991). Similar results were found by Roininen et al (1993) in the Euura atra complex.…”

Section: Host-plant Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Gall Morphology and Host-Plant Relationships in Willow-Feeding Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. There are over 200 species of nematine sawflies that induce galls on willows (Salix spp.). Most of the species are mono-or oligophagous, and they can be separated into seven or eight different groups based on the type of gall that they induce. We studied the evolution of different gall types and host plant associations by reconstructing the phylogeny of five outgroup and 31 ingroup species using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses resulted in essentially the same phylogeny with high support for important branches. The results show that: (1) the galling species probably form a monophyletic group; (2) true closed galls evolved only once, via leaf folders; (3) with the possible exception of leaf rollers, all gall type groups are mono-or paraphyletic; (4) similar gall types are closer on the phylogeny than would be expected by a random process; (5) there is an apparent evolutionary trend in galling site from the leaf edge towards the more central parts of the host plant; and (6) many willow species have been colonized several times, which excludes the possiblity of parallel cladogenesis between willows and the gallers; however, there are signs of restrictions in the evolution of host use. Many of the patterns in the evolutionary history of nematine gallers have also been observed in earlier studies on other insect gallers, indicating convergent evolution between the independent radiations.Key words. Coevolution, convergent evolution, evolutionary trends, extended phenotypes, gall morphology, gradualism, insect-plant relationships, Nematinae, phylogeny.Received June 1, 1999. Accepted October 11, 1999.The habit of galling has evolved many times independently in various organisms (Meyer 1987). In insects alone, gall induction has evolved in at least seven different orders, and in most of them several radiations have arisen (Meyer 1987; Dreger-Jauffret and Shorthouse 1992). The multiple origins of galling makes it possible to search for convergent features in these independent evolutionary histories. Indeed, recent phylogenetic analyses of gall-inducing aphids (Stern 1995), wasps (Stone and Cook 1998), and thrips (Crespi and Worobey 1998) have shown that common features exist in separate radiations. For example, in all these taxa gall morphology is determined mainly by the galler, not the host plant, and thus the gall can be considered an extended phenotype (sensu Dawkins 1982) of the galler.The nematine sawflies that induce galls on willows (Salix spp.) also offer a good model system for the study of evolutionary questions, especially questions about the evolution of different gall types and host plant associations (Price 1992). These sawflies belong to the tenthredinid subfamily Nematinae, which is comprised of hundreds of galling and nongalling species (Smith 1979;Gauld and Bolton 1988). There are about 200 species of galling nematines, most of which are mono-or oligophagous (Smith 1970;Price et al. 1994). Like their host plants, thes...

show abstract

“…The EtOAc-soluble fraction was subjected to normal-phase and reversed-phase column chromatographies and finally to HPLC to give three known compounds, trans-caffeic acid (17, 0.036%), 14) p-tyrosol (19, 0.3183%), 15) and kaempferol (23, 0.0068%). 16) The n-BuOH-soluble fraction was also subjected to normal-and reversed-phase column chromatographies and HPLC to give creosides I (1, 0.0026%), II (2, 0.0011%), III (3, 0.0002%), IV (4, 0.0014%), and V (5, 0.0015%), together with 18 known compounds, kenposide A (6, 0.0195%), 17) rhodioloside E (7, 0.0058%), 18) isopentenyl-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (8, 1.8171%), 19) n-hexyl-b-D-glucopyranoside (9, 0.0005%), 20) rhodiooctanoside (10, 0.0017%), 12) coniferoside (11, 0.0027%), 21) dihydroconiferin (12, 0.0001%), 22) icariside D2 (13, 0.0026%), 23) 4-hydroxybenzyl b-D-glucopyranoside (14, 0.0004%), 24) triandrin (15, 0.0127%), 25) vimalin (16, 0.0017%), 25) 1-O-b -D-(6Љ-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside (18, 0.0020%), 26) 2-phenylethyl b -D-glucopyranoside (20, 0.0049%), 27) salidroside (21, 1.1063%), 28) 2-phenylethyl Oa -L-arabinopyranosyl(1→6)-b -D-glucopyranoside (22, 0.0027%), 13) pollenitin (24, 0.0010%), 29) rhodosin (25, 0.0295%), 30) and clemastanin A (26, 0.0018%). 31) Creoside I (1) was isolated as a colorless amorphous powder with negative optical rotation ([a] D 27 Ϫ38.7°in MeOH).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Constituents from Chinese Natural Medicines. XXVIII. Chemical Structures of Acyclic Alcohol Glycosides from the Roots of Rhodiola crenulata

Nakamura

Matsuda

et al. 2008

Chem. Pharm. Bull.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The roots of the alpine plant genus Rhodiola (Crassulaceae), Rhodiolae Radix, have been widely used as a hemostatic, antibechic, tonic, and endermic liniment for burns and contusions in traditional Chinese medicine. During the course of our serial studies on the bioactive constituents from Chinese natural medicines, 2-11) we have characterized the structures of several flavonol bisdesmosides, monoterpene glycosides, and cyanoglycosides from the roots of Rhodiola quadrifida (PALL.) FISCH. et MAY, Rhodiola sacra (PRAIN ex HAMET) S. H. FU, and Rhodiola sachalinensis A. BOR. 2,12,13) In particular, the flavonol bisdesmosides, sachalosides III and IV, from the roots of R. sachalinensis were found to show a protective effect against D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes.2) In addition, the monoterpene oligoglycosides, sacranosides A and B, from the roots of R. sacra were found to inhibit histamine release from rat exudate cells induced by an antigen-antibody reaction.13) As part of our continuing study of the constituents of Rhodiolae Radix, five new glycosides, creosides I, II, III, IV, and V, were isolated from the methanolic extract of the roots of Rhodiola crenulata (HOOK. f. et THOMS.) H. OHBA, together with 21 known compounds. In this paper, we describe the isolation and structural elucidation of the new constituents (1-5) (Chart 1).The dried roots of R. crenulata were extracted with MeOH under reflux. The methanolic extract (41.1% from the dried 536 Vol. 56,No. 4 Bioactive Constituents from Chinese Natural Medicines. XXVIII. Five new glycosides, creosides I, II, III, IV, and V, were isolated from the methanolic extract of the roots of Rhodiola crenulata, together with 21 known compounds. The chemical structures of new constituents were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.

show abstract

Phenolic constituents of Salix: A chemotaxonomic survey of further finnish species

Cited by 119 publications

References 7 publications

Simulated winter browsing may lead to induced susceptibility of willows to beavers in spring

Simulated winter browsing may lead to induced susceptibility of willows to beavers in spring

Evolution of Gall Morphology and Host-Plant Relationships in Willow-Feeding Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

Bioactive Constituents from Chinese Natural Medicines. XXVIII. Chemical Structures of Acyclic Alcohol Glycosides from the Roots of Rhodiola crenulata

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About