Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Properties from Canola Meal Extracts Inhibit Adipogenesis

Abstract

The extraction of phenolic compounds from canola meal produces functional health products and renders the canola meal a more digestible animal feed. The extracted phenolics may have novel bioactivity worth investigation. In this study, several solvents were evaluated for their ability to extract phenolic compounds from canola meal: water (WE) and various 80% organic solvent/water mixtures of methanol (ME), acetone (AE), ethanol (EE), butanol (BE), chloroform (CE) and hexane (HE). The in vitro antioxidant and anti-obesity properties of various extracts were investigated. Anti-obesity properties were studied using adipogenic differentiation inhibition of a murine mesenchymal stem cell line (C3H10T1/2) and a pancreatic lipase inhibition assay. AE, ME, and BE showed significant (p < 0.05) adipogenesis and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities and may have more pharmacological properties. AE down-regulated the gene expression of the major adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), correlating to phenolic content in a dose-dependent manner. The chemical characterization of AE revealed the presence of sinapic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol derivatives as main bioactive phenols.

Sinapic Acid and Sinapate Esters in Brassica: Innate Accumulation, Biosynthesis, Accessibility via Chemical Synthesis or Recovery From Biomass, and Biological Activities

“…The antioxidant activities of sinapoyl malate and sinapoyl glucose were reported to be comparable to conventional antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), or trolox (Thiyam et al, 2006;Peyrot et al, 2020b). In addition, antioxidant activity of Canola meal extract was also studied by Hussain et al (Hussain et al, 2020). Their results showed that SinA and sinapine exhibited good radical scavenging activity towards 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).…”

Pharmacological Properties of Polyphenols: Bioavailability, Mechanisms of Action, and Biological Effects in In Vitro Studies, Animal Models, and Humans

“…Additionally, anti-obesity properties of phenolic compounds of canola have been studied using adipogenic differentiation inhibition of a murine mesenchymal stem cell line (C3H10T1/2). Significant adipogenesis and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities were found after treatment of 2-3 mg/mL canola meal extract through the downregulation of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway [37].…”

Murine in vitro cellular models to better understand adipogenesis and its potential applications

“…The transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells into mature adipocytes requires adipogenic agents such as IBMX, DEX and insulin which have proven sufficient to induce differentiation within 12 days (Schwind et al, 2017). Troglitazone or rosiglitazone can also be used to cause differentiation (Hussain et al, 2020). In a culture containing DMEM media and heatinactivated FBS, L-glutamate and antibiotics, C3H10T1/2 cells are cultivated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2.…”