Phenolic compounds and properties of antioxidants in grapevine roots (Vitis vinifera L.) under low-temperature stress followed by recovery

Abstract

The research has been performed on roots of <em>Vitis vinifera</em>, cv. Himrod, obtained from seedlings grown under chill stress conditions (+10^oC in the day and +7^oC at night), under optimum conditions (+25^oC in the day and +18^oC at night) and from seedling which underwent a recover period after the chill stress treatment. The purpose of the study has been to determine quantitative and qualitative changes in phenolic compounds as well as to demonstrate changes in antiradical properties of extracts from grapevine roots, which appeared as a result of chill stress and during recovery under the optimum conditions following the stress. Phenolic compounds from grapevine roots were extracted using 80% acetone. The total content of phenolics was determined by colorimetry. The content of tannins was tested by precipitation with bovine serum albumin. The reducing power as well as DPPH• free radical and ABTS+• cation radical scavenging activity of the extracts were also tested. In order to identify phenolic compounds present in the extracts the RP-HPLC technique was employed. The tested material was found to contain tannins and three identified phenolic acids: ferulic, caffeic and p-coumaric ones. The latter occurred in the highest concentrations (from 4.46 to 6.28 µg/g fresh matter). Ferulic acid appeared in smaller amounts (from 1.68 to 2.65 µg/g fresh matter), followed by caffeic acid (from 0.87 to 1.55 µg/g fresh matter). Significantly less total phenolic compounds occurred in roots of seedlings subjected to chill stress. However, the total content of these compounds increased significantly in roots of plants which underwent recovery after chill stress. Concentration of tannins was determined by two methods. The content of condensed tannins was depressed in roots as a result of low temperature stress, whereas the content of condensed and hydrolysing tannins (determined via the BSA method) rose under chill stress conditions. A significant increase in tannins in root extracts (determined with both methods) was found during the recovery process after the stress. The three identified phenolic acids appeared in grapevine roots as ester-bound compounds. It has been demonstrated that the content of phenolic acids significantly fell as a result of low temperatures, but increased during recovery after chill stress. The weakest ability to scavenge DPPH• and ABTS+• free radicals as well as the reducing power were shown by the extract obtained from grapevine roots from the seedlings subjected to chill stress. Both free radical scavenging activity and reducing power were observed to increase considerably during recovery after stress. This seems to prove that during the recovery process following chill stress the synthesis of antioxidative compounds in grapevine roots is much more intensive

Influence of abiotic stress during soybean germination followed by recovery on the phenolic compounds of radicles and their antioxidant capacity

“…Similar results were obtained in the earlier research [18][19][20][21][22][23]. During poststress recovery accelerated growth processes and more raid accumulation of root fresh matter were observed, which is analogous to the data reported by other authors [16,24,25]. Tab.…”

Effect of osmotic stress and post-stress recovery on the content of phenolics and properties of antioxidants in germinating seeds of grapevine Vitis californica

“…the total content of phenolic compounds has been observed during the recovery period after osmotic stress. Higher total content of phenolic compounds as well as some phenolic acids (including p-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acids) during recovery after chill stress (+10°C) was likewise demonstrated in previous studies (Amarowicz et al 2010;Weidner et al 2009b). This may be indicative of a very important role of phenolic compounds in recovery reactions, which take place in plant cells after stress.…”

“…Similar results were also obtained in our earlier research on the influence of other abiotic stresses on plants. For example, in roots of seedlings of Vitis vinifera exposed to chill stress, the total content of phenolics, tannins and phenolic acids was lower than in the control (Weidner et al 2009b). Also in leaves of Vitis vinfera depressed levels of phenolic compounds and tannins were observed as a result of low temperature stress (Amarowicz et al 2010).…”

“…In leaves of Vitis vinifera exposed to low temperature, the content of condensed tannins likewise fell down (Amarowicz et al 2010). In a study on the effect of low temperature stress on the growth of Vitis vinifera seedlings, it was observed that the content of condensed tannins (determined with the vanillin assay) declined in grapevine roots in response to the stress, whereas the content of condensed and hydrolyzing tannins (determined with the BSA precipitation method) rose under chill stress (Weidner et al 2009b). This different response can be due to the excessively low mass of tannin monomers in a solution after BSA protein precipitation (Hagerman and Butler 1978).…”

“…For instance, loss of germinating ability by seeds is positively correlated with an increase of phenolic compounds in seeds (Sreeramulu 1983;Weidner et al 2002). In turn, environmental stress can cause a decline (Weidner et al 2007(Weidner et al , 2009b or an increase (Wróbel et al 2005;Weidner et al 2009a) in the content of phenolic compounds in a cell. Phenolic compounds can scavenge free radicals (FR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Amarowicz et al , 2004Negro et al 2003;Caillet et al 2006;Amarowicz and Weidner 2009), they form complexes with the metals which catalyze oxygenation reaction and inhibit activity of oxidizing enzymes (Sokół-Łętowska 1997).…”