Phenolic Composition, Wound Healing, Antinociceptive, and Anticancer Effects of Caralluma europaea Extracts

Abstract

Caralluma europaea (Guss.) is an important medicinal plant widely used in Morocco for various traditional purposes. Our work aimed to evaluate the phenolic composition, wound healing, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities of C. europaea extracts. Moreover, this study assessed the beneficial effect of C. europaea phytocompounds on the TRADD, cyclooxegenase-2, Wnt/β-catenin, and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. The wound healing effect of C. europaea formulations against skin burn was evaluated for 21 days. The cytotoxic effect of the C. europaea extracts was evaluated against human leukemic (K562 and HL60) and liver cancer cell lines (Huh-7) using the MTT test. All the phytoconstituents identified by UHPLC in the polyphenols were docked for their inhibitory power on protein casein kinase-1, glycogen synthase kinase-3-β, cyclooxegenase-2, tyrosine kinase, and TRADD. Luteolin and kaempferol are the main compounds identified in C. europaea polyphenols. The group treated with polyphenols showed the greatest wound contractions and all tested extracts presented a significant antinociceptive effect. Polyphenols showed a remarkable antitumoral activity against the K562, HL60 and Huh-7 cell lines. Saponins exerted an important cytotoxic effect against the Huh-7 cell line, whereas no cytotoxicity was observed for the hydroethanolic and flavonoids extracts. Hesperetin and trimethoxyflavone presented the highest docking G-score on tyrosine kinase and cyclooxygenase, respectively.

Development and Nutritional Evaluation of Ready-to-Drink Beverage Using the Choongan (Caralluma tuberculata L.) Extract

“…Te highest DPPH activity values were found in T 4 (2552.00 µg AAE/mL) and the lowest values were observed in T 0 (2022.3 µg AAE/mL) on day 1. Te phytochemicals, such as favonoids, catechic tannins, triterpenes, saponins, coumarins, alkaloids, and quinones [12,33], and some polyphenols, for instance, ferulic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, hesperetin, and myricetin, have been reported in the extract of Caralluma europaea [33]. Te aforementioned phytochemicals present in Caralluma species might be responsible for DPPH radical scavenging activities in Caralluma RTD.…”

“…Te color of Caralluma RTD became more and more darker in color due to the addition of more Caralluma extract powder in subsequent treatments. Te decreasing trend of color perception of the Caralluma RTD during storage might be due to the degradation of some compounds, such as favonoids, catechic tannins, triterpenes, saponins, coumarins, alkaloids, and quinones [12,33]. In addition, enzymatic (due to the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) [34] and nonenzymatic browning (due to the Maillard reaction, caramelization, and ascorbic acid degradation) [35] during the storage of Caralluma RTD might be responsible for the deterioration of its color.…”

“…Te highest taste score of Caralluma RTD was found in T 1 (7.60) and the lowest was observed in T 4 (7.05) on day 1. Te change in taste during storage might be due to the degradation of ascorbic acid and some other compounds, such as favonoids, catechic tannins, triterpenes, saponins, coumarins, alkaloids, and quinones [12,33]. Te reduction in favor during storage may be related to the loss of volatile aromatic compounds.…”

“…After 21 days of storage, the maximum values of TF contents were observed in T 4 (97.10 mg CE/ 100 mL) and the least values were observed in T 0 (36.78 mg CE/100 mL). Amrati et al [33] observed total favonoids as 40 mg/g of the Caralluma europaea hydroethanolic extract. Terefore, addition of more and more Caralluma extract caused increased contents of total favonoids in the present study.…”

Phenolic Composition of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Extract and Its Anti-Inflammatory, Hepatoprotective, and Antileukemia Effects

“…Herbal treatments have been shown to serve as promising novel therapeutic agents. This is due to the vast array of medicinal plants with potentially bioactive compounds that can be explored for their effectiveness in treating various ailments [ 1 , 2 ]. C. monogyna (common hawthorn), a member of the Rosaceae family, is part of the flora in Morocco and is found in Europe, Asia, and North America [ 3 ].…”