Phenolic Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Belgian Apple Wood Extracts

Recent EU directives have encouraged member states to follow circular economy guidelines on waste reuse, especially for waste originating from wood agro‐forest biomass. Delineating the antioxidant and chemical activity of biomass is a starting point to find new ways to utilize such materials. Here, an 8‐year‐old apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) tree stand located in southern Italy was evaluated. First, dendrometric parameters (total volume, diameter, and height of trunk below the branches) and physical‐mechanical properties (density, total, tangential and radial shrinkage, moisture content, and compression strength) of timber collected from five experimental plots was evaluated. Bark and wood from apricot pruning were then subjected to different extraction techniques, in vitro antioxidant assays, and gas chromatographic studies to determine their antioxidant activity and their phytochemical composition. Bark had the highest antioxidant activity compared to wood. Several antioxidant compounds (e.g., scopoletin and naringenin) were detected in the samples, explaining the measured antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of using apricot extracts in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and industrial fields. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…Thus, the highest level of antioxidant activity likely occurs in the inner bark. Similar results were obtained in a study of apple trees 41 …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Orchard biomass residues: Chemical composition, biological activity and wood characterization of apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Bruno

Russo

Faraone

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…Few researchers have focused their studies on the bioactive compounds in apple tree wood. Withouck et al [ 113 ] analyzed the composition of wood from Malus domestica ‘King Jonagold’ apple trees. The results exhibited a total phenolic compound concentration of 9600 mg/kg dw and a total flavonoid content of 2570 mg/kg.…”

Section: The Main Fruit Trees In Europe: Bioactive Compounds From Woo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, antioxidant activity has been attributed to apple wood extracts. The antioxidant activity of acetone/water extracts was evaluated by the DPPH method, reaching values of 80% (% reduction/g dry weight), which significantly proves its high antioxidant activity [ 113 ]. The same authors also researched the antimicrobial effect of apple wood extracts.…”

Section: The Main Fruit Trees In Europe: Bioactive Compounds From Woo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry

et al. 2022

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In the European Union (EU), a total of 11,301,345 hectares are dedicated to the cultivation of fruit trees, mainly olive orchards, grapevines, nut trees (almond, walnut, chestnut, hazelnut, and pistachio), apple and pear trees, stone fruit trees (peach, nectarine, apricot, cherry, and plum), and citrus fruit trees (orange, clementine, satsuma, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, and pomelo). Pruning these trees, together with plantation removal to a lesser extent, produces a huge amount of wood waste. A theoretical calculation of the wood waste in the European Union estimates approximately 2 and 25 million tons from wood plantation removal and pruning, respectively, per year. This wood waste is usually destroyed by in-field burning or crushing into the soil, which result in no direct economic benefits. However, wood from tree pruning, which is enriched in high added-value molecules, offers a wide spectrum of possibilities for its valorization. This review focuses on the contribution of wood waste to both sustainability and the circular economy, considering its use not only as biomass but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The main bioactive compounds found in wood are polyphenols, terpenes, polysaccharides, organic compounds, fatty acids, and alkaloids. Polyphenols are the most ubiquitous compounds in wood. Large amounts of hydroxytyrosol (up to 25 g/kg dw), resveratrol (up to 66 g/kg dw), protocatechuic acid (up to 16.4 g/kg), and proanthocyanins (8.5 g/kg dw) have been found in the wood from olive trees, grapevines, almond trees and plum trees, respectively. The bioactivity of these compounds has been demonstrated at lower concentrations, mainly in vitro studies. Bioactive compounds present antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, biostimulant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anticarcinogenic properties, among others. Therefore, wood extracts might have several applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries. For example, olive tree wood extract reduced thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro; grapevine tree wood extract acts a preservative in wine, replacing SO2; chestnut tree wood extract has antifungal properties on postharvest pathogens in vitro; and stone tree wood extracts are used for aging both wines and brandies. Moreover, the use of wood waste contributes to the move towards both a more sustainable development and a circular economy.

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“…The mean antioxidant power of Mauby bark extracts when converted to gram quantity (0.105 mM FeSO 4 /g) were slightly weaker than other barks. For example, the FRAP value of apple tree (Malus domestica) bark was 0.343 mM FeSO 4 /g when samples were extracted at 60°C (Withouck et al, 2017). Apple tree bark also contains the polyphenols such as phloretin which has been observed to contain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic and immunosuppressive properties (Xü, Lü, Qü, Shan, & Song, 2010).…”

Section: Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (Frap) Of Mauby Bark Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Total Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Potential of Mauby Bark Extracts (Colubrina arborescens) Brewed for Different Lengths of Time

Embola¹,

Rock²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

JFR

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Mauby bark (Colubrina arborescens) is commonly used to make a beverage,“Mauby”, in the Caribbean and is believed to possess antiglycemic, antilipidemic, and anticarcinogenic properties. However, limited studies have been conducted to substantiate the compounds present that may confer these benefits. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to quantify the total polyphenolic content and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Mauby bark extracts brewed in water at 30, 45, and 60 minutes. In the extracts, the Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) ranged from 1.93 - 3.17 mg CE/mL and the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) ranged from 2.10 mg ± 0.11 GAE/mL (45 minutes) - 2.36 mg ± 0.067 GAE/mL (30 minutes). Moreover, their antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2 Diphenyl 1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and  Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The DPPH scavenging activity observed from Mauby extracts ranged from 75% ± 4.02 (30 minutes) to 83% ± 0.66 (60 minutes) and the FRAP values ranged from 6.29± 0.84 (30 minutes) to 6.90 ± 1.54 mM FeSO4 equivalents/ 0.2 mL Mauby extract (45 minutes). Although, polyphenolic content at 30 minutes was greater than 60 minutes of brewing for TFC (p < 0.001) and TPC (p = 0.002), the scavenging activity was greater at 60 minutes than 30 minutes (p = 0.014) while antioxidant power was not affected by brewing time (p = 0.736). In summary, brewing the bark at 60 minutes was observed to provide the highest antioxidant activity.

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Phenolic Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Belgian Apple Wood Extracts

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Orchard biomass residues: Chemical composition, biological activity and wood characterization of apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Orchard biomass residues: Chemical composition, biological activity and wood characterization of apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry

An Assessment of Total Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Potential of Mauby Bark Extracts (Colubrina arborescens) Brewed for Different Lengths of Time

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