Phenolic Analyses of Haskap Berries (Lonicera caeruleaL.): Spectrophotometry Versus High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) are known for their high phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant potential. The data on the phenolic profile of these fruits are lacking. In this study, the phenolic profiles of three haskap varieties; tundra, berry blue, and indigo gem grown in Nova Scotia, Canada were investigated for the first time using spectrophotometery and high-performance liquid chromatography. Berries were analyzed for total phenolic content/total reducing capacity, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity). The total reducing capacity, total anthocyanin content, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl values were 6.17-8.42 mg gallic acid equivalents/gram fresh weight, 4.49-6.97 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/gram fresh weight, and 78.70-89.55%, respectively. The extracts were analyzed by reversed-phase diode array detector-high-performance liquid chromatography through a gradient elution using Synergi 4 µm Max-RP C12 column and the chromatograms were acquired at 520, 360, and 320 nm for athocyanins, flavonoids, and free phenolic acids, respectively. The identified anthocyanins were cyanidin-3-glucoside (82.81-91.99% of the total anthocyanins), cyanidin 3,5-di-glucoside (2.31-4.27%), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (1.54-9.20%), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (0.75-3.44%), and pelargonidin-3-glucoside (0.77-2.98%). Other flavonoids (quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-rutinoside) and free phenolic acids (chlorogenic and neochlorogenic) were also quantified.

A Rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Photodiode Array Detection Method to Determine Phenolic Compounds in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

“…[6,12] HPLC analysis was also employed for the investigation of phenolic acids, flavones, and flavonols present in Glycine max (L.) Merr., Vigna radiata L. and Medicago sativa L. seeds, pistachio hull, Artemisia herba-alba, haskap berries, and Stephania japonica. [13,[16][17][18][19] The above reported methods, however, have several limitations such as complex gradient, [6,9,13,14] complex mobile phase composition, [7,9,14] and a long run time. [13,14,20] A recent study was also carried out for the identification of phenolic compounds and to examine the correlation between the phenolic profile of different varieties.…”

Phenolics and mineral content in bilberry and bog bilberry from Macedonia

“…They have been collected in August 2015 on Shara Mtn., Peak Popova Šapka (1780 m). Plant samples (approximately 100 mature berries of moderate size and 500 g leaf samples) of bilberry and bog bilberry were sampled according to their abundance and biomass (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) replicates from each sampling point). Plant identity (five replicates of both species) was verified by Academician Vlado Matevski 1 at the Department of botany (Institute of biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje).…”

“…Anthocyanins represent the most important group in bilberries, contributing to their attractive purple-blue colour hues but also defining quality traits. [13,14] The level of anthocyanins varies with cultivar type, season, degree of ripeness, and growing conditions; [15] therefore, reported literature data are quite diverse. Other groups of phenolics identified in bilberries are flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and hydroxycinnamic acids.…”

Stability of Haskap Berry (Lonicera Caerulea L.) Anthocyanins at Different Storage and Processing Conditions

“…The anthocyanin profiles of fresh, frozen, pressed, and dried haskap berries were analyzed according to Khattab et al (2015c) using the reversed-phase DAD-HPLC (Agilent 1100 Series, Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard, Waldbronn, Germany). Chromatograms were acquired at 520 nm and data were analyzed using the Agilent ChemStation software (version A10.02).…”