Phenolic Acids and Nutrient Content for Aquatic Macrophytes from Fall River, California

Spencer, David F.; Ksander, Gregory G.

doi:10.1080/02705060.1999.9663671

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Nitrogen availability did not influence TPC t , TPC e or TOC. The nitrogen content (2.2–3.7% [w/w]; mean=3.0%) and C:N ratios (9.0–15.9; mean=12.4) in axenic M. spicatum were well within the range found in field milfoil by Spencer and Ksander (1999; 1.3–4.8%N; mean 2.8%; 8.3–18.9 C:N ratio; mean 12.7). Some authors, however, reported in situ nitrogen limitation of Myriophyllum aquaticum (Sytsma and Anderson 1993b) and M. spicatum (Gerloff 1975).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Differential response of tellimagrandin II and total bioactive hydrolysable tannins in an aquatic angiosperm to changes in light and nitrogen

Gross¹

2003

Oikos

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Gross, E. M. 2003. Differential response of tellimagrandin II and total bioactive hydrolysable tannins in an aquatic angiosperm to changes in light and nitrogen. -Oikos 103: 497-504.The submerged freshwater angiosperm Myriophyllum spicatum produces high amounts of polyphenols, especially gallotannins, with broad biological activity against insect herbivores, algae, cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. To test whether resource availability explains the intraspecific variability of these hydrolysable tannins, the impact of light and nitrogen on the production and release of total polyphenols and tellimagrandin II, the major allelochemical present in M. spicatum was investigated. Axenic cultures grown in a controlled environment allowed to exclude any effects of herbivores, epiphytes or pathogens on phenolic compounds. Light had a strong positive effect both on tissue-bound and exuded polyphenolic compounds. Nitrogen availability neither influenced the total content of tissue-bound polyphenols nor the exudation of phenolic compounds. In contrast, at low nitrogen and low light availability tissue concentrations of the major polyphenol tellimagrandin II increased. These findings are important considering the allelochemical activity of M. spicatum polyphenols, especially tellimagrandin II. The results are assessed in the context of the recent debate on the validity of the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis and possible other models.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Differential response of tellimagrandin II and total bioactive hydrolysable tannins in an aquatic angiosperm to changes in light and nitrogen

Gross¹

2003

Oikos

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“…Furthermore, the polyphenol, tellimagrandin II, inhibits the growth of algae and cyanobacteria (Gross et al, 1996;Leu et al, 2002). Much less is known about the concentrations of polyphenols or other chemicals in M. sibiricum or their effects on aquatic organisms (Spencer and Ksander, 1999b). A comparison of the nutritive and defensive chemical profiles of M. spicatum and M. sibiricum should provide a better understanding of the plants' potential effects on herbivores and their ability to compete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical profile of the North American native Myriophyllum sibiricum compared to the invasive M. spicatum

Marko¹,

Gross²,

Newman³

et al. 2008

Aquatic Botany

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Myriophyllum spicatum L. is a nonindigenous invasive plant in North America that can displace the closely related native Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov. We analyzed the chemical composition (including: C, N, P, polyphenols, lignin, nonpolar extractables, and sugars) of M. spicatum and M. sibiricum and determined how the chemistry of the two species varied by plant part with growing environment (lake versus tank), irradiance (full sun versus 50% shading), and season (July through September). M. spicatum had higher concentrations of carbon, polyphenols and lignin (C: 47%; polyphenols: 5.5%; lignin: 18%) than M. sibiricum (C: 42%; polyphenols: 3.7%; lignin: 9%) while M. sibiricum had a higher concentration of ash under all conditions (12% versus 8% for M. spicatum). Apical meristems of both species had the highest concentration of carbon, polyphenols, and tellimagrandin II, followed by leaves and stems. Tellimagrandin II was present in apical meristems of both M. spicatum (24.6 mg g À1 dm) and M. sibiricum (11.1 mg g À1 dm). Variation in irradiance from 490 (shade) to 940 (sun) mmol of photons m À2 s À1 had no effect on C, N, and polyphenol concentrations, suggesting that light levels above 490 mmol of photons m À2 s À1 do not alter chemical composition. The higher concentration of polyphenols and lignin in M. spicatum relative to M. sibiricum may provide advantages that facilitate invasion and displacement of native plants. #

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“…Such compounds have, however, not been identified from M. spicatum. Furthermore, in our experiments M. sibiricum, albeit belonging to the same genus as M. spicatum and having a high phenolic acid content (Spencer and Ksander 1999), induced no mortality in mysids. Therefore the mechanism that caused the high mortality in mysids remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The lethal and sublethal effects of the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum on Baltic littoral planktivores

Lindén

Lehtiniemi

2005

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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Macrophyte architecture can structure predator-prey interactions, but it is the chemicals within the plant that may actually be lethal. We conducted aquarium experiments to study the effects of common aquatic macrophytes (Myriophyllum spicatum, Myriophyllum sibiricum, and Chara tomentosa) and a predator (perch, Perca fluviatilis) on the survival, habitat choice, swimming, and feeding activities of Baltic littoral planktivores, mysids Neomysis integer and Praunus flexuosus, and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) larvae. Chemicals excreted by M. spicatum in a dense patch caused high mortality (73% to 89%) in both mysid species but not in sticklebacks, whereas M. sibiricum and C. tomentosa had no lethal effects. In lower stem densities stickleback larvae and N. integer avoided M. spicatum even in the presence of predator signals, and M. spicatum lowered the swimming and feeding activities of stickleback larvae. Only P. flexuosus did not avoid M. spicatum vegetation. Areas occupied by M. spicatum seem to be highly unsuitable habitats for littoral mysids and three-spined stickleback larvae. Because M. spicatum is a dominant macrophyte in the study area and eutrophication further increases its abundance, it may strongly influence the occurrence and distribution of mysids and fish larvae in the littoral ecosystems of the Baltic Sea.

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Phenolic Acids and Nutrient Content for Aquatic Macrophytes from Fall River, California

Abstract: We compared seasonal changes in tissue C

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Differential response of tellimagrandin II and total bioactive hydrolysable tannins in an aquatic angiosperm to changes in light and nitrogen

Differential response of tellimagrandin II and total bioactive hydrolysable tannins in an aquatic angiosperm to changes in light and nitrogen

Chemical profile of the North American native Myriophyllum sibiricum compared to the invasive M. spicatum

The lethal and sublethal effects of the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum on Baltic littoral planktivores

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