Phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaf and floral stem of cultivated and wild Cynara cardunculus L. genotypes

Pandino, Gaetano; Lombardo, Sara; Mauromicale, Giovanni; Williamson, Gary

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.001

Cited by 112 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…15,37,40 Compound 20 presented a pseudomolecular ion [M − H] − at m/z 461 releasing a fragment ion at m/z 285 ([M − 176] − , loss of a glucuronyl moiety); although the position of the glycosyl moiety could not be established it was assigned to luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, owing to the identification of that compound in leaves, heads, hearts, juices, pomaces and dietary supplements of artichoke, mostly obtained after hydroalcoholic extraction. 13,15,16,32,33,[35][36][37]39,40 In accordance with their UV and mass spectra characteristics, different apigenin derivatives were also detected in the analysed samples. Compounds 24, 27 (artichoke) and 26 (artichoke and milk thistle) showed pseudomolecular and fragment ions coherent with deoxyhexosyl-hexoside, hexoside and glucuronide derivatives of apigenin, respectively.…”

Section: Flavonoidssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Despite the many articles reporting the phenolic composition of artichoke hydroalcoholic extracts, 13,15,16,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] the present work characterizes the phenolic composition in infusions. Moreover, infusion is the most common form to consume this plant and, to our knowledge, this is also the first report presenting results for the whole plant material and not seeds.…”

Section: Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…41 Dicaffeoylquinic acids have been extensively reported in Table 2 Retention time (Rt), wavelengths of maximum absorption in the visible region (λ max ), mass spectral data, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in hydromethanolic extract and infusion of milk thistle (mean ± SD) a hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from different parts of artichoke, as mentioned above. 13,15,16,[31][32][33][34][35][36][38][39][40] Four signals in artichoke (compounds 4, 9, 11 and 13) showed a pseudomolecular ion ([M − H] − ) at m/z 337 (Tables 1 and 2). These compounds were assigned as the 3-acyl, 4-acyl and 5-acyl isomers of p-coumaroylquinic acid based on their HPLC retention and MS 2 fragmentation characteristics, as previously reported by Clifford et al 29,42 Thus, compound 4 (artichoke) was tentatively identified as 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, yielding the base peak at m/z 163 ([coumaric acid-H] − ).…”

Section: Phenolic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infusions of artichoke and milk thistle represent a good source of phenolic acids and flavonoids

et al. 2015

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Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (milk thistle) are two herbs well-known for their efficiency in the prevention/treatment of liver injuries, among other chronic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize specific bioactive components, phenolic compounds, in hydromethanolic extracts but also in infusions (the most commonly used preparations) obtained from the whole plant of milk thistle and artichoke. The phenolic profiles were accessed using HPLC-DAD-MS/ESI. Infusions of both species presented higher phenolic contents than the hydromethanolic extracts. Milk thistle presented a similar phenolic composition between the two preparations, revealing only differences in the quantities obtained. Nevertheless, artichoke revealed a slightly different profile considering infusion and hydromethanolic extracts. Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide was the major flavonoid found in milk thistle, while luteolin-7-O-glucuronide was the most abundant in artichoke. Therefore, infusions of both artichoke and milk thistle represent a good source of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic acids and flavonoids.

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Section: Flavonoidssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Phenolic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infusions of artichoke and milk thistle represent a good source of phenolic acids and flavonoids

et al. 2015

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“…One of the most important activity of this class of compounds is ascribed to their antioxidant activity and Pandino et al (2011a) demonstrated that this property is correlated with the content of caffeoylquinic acids which are the main components of the floral stem.…”

Section: Biological Activity Of Caffeoylquinic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artichoke: botanical, agronomical, phytochemical, and pharmacological overview

et al. 2015

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Artichoke, Cynaracardunculus, is a dietary and medicinal plant species with a long tradition of use dating back to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. It comprises the globe artichoke, C. cardunculus subsp. scolymus, the cultivated cardoon, C. cardunculus subsp. altilis, and the wild cardoon, C. cardunculus subsp. sylvestris. The edible part of the plant is limited to the fleshy leaves (bracts) and receptacle of a large immature inflorescence, named capitulum or head, that has been shown to be a rich source of bioactive compds. On the other hand, leaves, external bracts and stems discarded by the artichoke processing industry corresponding to about 80-85 % of the total biomass of the plant, represent a suitable potential source of food additives and nutraceuticals. Nutritional and pharmacol. properties of artichoke heads and leaves are attributed mainly to polyphenolic compds. and inulin present at high concn. Other classes of chem. compds., including flavonoids, anthocyanins, sesquiterpenes, and triterpenes have been also found in the plant at lower amts. This review, after a general historical, phytogeog., and ethnobotanical overview, summarizes the current knowledge on the phytochem. and pharmacol. properties of this plant, with special emphasis on the agronomical and nutritional importance of the plant and to the methods of anal., including the recently developed metabolomic studies. [on SciFinder(R)

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“…Artichoke is known since ancient times as a tasty plant that can be used in soups, stews and salads, being perceived as a nutritious and healthy vegetable (Lattanzio et al, 2009) due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects (Gebhardt and Fausel, 1997;Zapolska-Downar et al, 2002;Jimène-Escrig et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2003;Falleh et al, 2008;Kukić et al, 2008;Gouveia and Castilho, 2012). This plant contains very little fat and high levels of minerals, vitamin C, fibre, inulin, polyphenols hydoxycinnamates and flavones, but most of its activity could be related to the polyphenolic fraction, mainly composed of mono-and dicaffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids (Schütz et al, 2004;Falleh et al, 2008;Lutz et al, 2011;Pandino et al, 2011;Gouveia and Castilho, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and hepatotoxicity of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu

Pereira

Calhelha

Barros

et al. 2013

Industrial Crops and Products

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Cynara scolymus (artichoke), Silybum marianum (milk thistle) and Cochlospermum angolensis (borututu) are three plants widely used regarding hepatoprotective effects but to the best of our knowledge no anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity has been studied in the most consumed forms: infusions and dietary supplements. Herein, antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and toxicity of infusions and dietary supplements of the mentioned plants were evaluated and compared. All the samples revealed antioxidant properties with EC 50 values lower than the daily recommended dose, but infusions showed higher biological activity than dietary supplements.Borututu infusion gave the highest antioxidant activity (EC 50 ≤170 µg/mL), and also revealed anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity (GI 50 =146 µg/mL) without toxicity in non-tumour liver cells (GI 50 >400 µg/mL). Artichoke infusion also presented antitumour activity (GI 50 =52 µg/mL) but with toxicity for normal cells at a higher concentration (GI 50 =72 µg/mL). The antioxidant and antitumour properties were positively correlated with phenolics and flavonoids content. Overall, among the three studied species, borututu infusion proved to be the most complete sample regarding antioxidant and antihepatocellular carcinoma activity.

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Phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaf and floral stem of cultivated and wild Cynara cardunculus L. genotypes

Cited by 112 publications

References 26 publications

Infusions of artichoke and milk thistle represent a good source of phenolic acids and flavonoids

Infusions of artichoke and milk thistle represent a good source of phenolic acids and flavonoids

Artichoke: botanical, agronomical, phytochemical, and pharmacological overview

Antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and hepatotoxicity of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu

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